【语法真题100练】GMAT考生必看SC高分秘籍（七十练）

GMAT语法题，又称句子改错题(sentence correction)，是整个GMAT考试中对考生英语语法能力考查要求最高的题型，也往往是中国学生最为头疼的一类题目。没有扎实的语法基础和一定的逻辑分析能力，想要做好语法题难度极高。怎样做好GMAT语法题?下面小编就通过一些经典真题的实例解析，为大家全面讲解GMAT语法题的解题思路和方法技巧。

实例题目：

The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq.

(A) that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but

(B) that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously with but also

(C) having been cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously but

(D) cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence of centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arising simultaneously but also

(E) cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but

选项分析：

(A)that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but

【错误1】 修饰成分：不仅不具有简洁性“that were arising”本意上想跳过语法上其可以修饰的复数名词“regions”去修饰“societies”，于是构成了跳跃修饰。而(E)则合理地规避使用跳跃修饰，因此本选项表意逊于(E)。

【错误2】 简洁明了：“that/which/who be”结构在GMAT考察的便准书面英语中往往不具有简洁性，此处 “that were”结构是完全没有必要的，因为此处“cut”是表示被动的过去分词，可以作为定语直接修饰“trenches”。

(B)that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously with but also

【错误】 主谓一致：“yields”的主语实际是“trenches”主谓不一致。

(C)having been cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously but

【错误1】 固定搭配：“simultaneously”应与“with”搭配表达“与……同时”，而不能选项中“simultaneously”只有的“with”缺失。

【错误2】 简洁明了：“having been cut”构成语义重复，因为“cut”(此处为过去分词)作为“trenches”的定语，本身就可以表达“已经被”的含义，无需添加“having been”。

(D)cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence of centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arising simultaneously but also

【错误1】 主谓一致：见(B)。

【错误2】 固定搭配：见(C)中【错误1】。

(E)cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but

【正确】 “cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar”中的“cut”实际上是动词的过去分词形式，表被动修饰“trenches”，表意准确合理。“have yielded strong evidence”是“trenches”的谓语动词，满足主谓一致。“that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq”的主干为“that……societies arose simultaneously with but independently of the……city-states……”，是“evidence”的同位语从句，准确地叙述了“evidence”的具体内容。

【大意】 嵌入Tell Hamoukar, Syria的500公顷遗迹上的壕沟为中东北部的集权管理的复杂社会与美索不达米亚平原上的城邦同时且独立兴起(这一论断)提供了强有力的证据。

解题思路：

“yields”与“trenches”主谓不一致，立即排除(B)和(D)。

(C)选项“simultaneously”之后的“with”缺失，排除。

(A)中“that are cut”简洁性稍逊，因此选择(E)。