【小站原创】官方真题Official7托福阅读Passage1原文文本+真题+答案解析

官方真题Official7托福阅读Passage1题目

Question 1 of 13

The word “objective ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. achievement

B. requirement

C. purpose

D. feature

Question 2 of 13

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as a change that occurred in the fauna of the Mediterranean?

A. Most invertebrate species disappeared during a wave of extinctions.

B. A few hardy species wiped out many of the Mediterranean’s invertebrates.

C. Some invertebrates migrated to Atlantic Ocean.

D. New species of fauna populated the Mediterranean when the old migrants returned.

Question 3 of 13

What does the author imply by saying “Not a single pebble was found that might have indicated that the pebbles came from the nearby continent ”?

A. The most obvious explanation for the origin of the pebbles was not supported by the evidence.

B. The geologists did not find as many pebbles as they expected..

C. The geologists were looking for a particular kind of pebble.

D. The different pebbles could not have come from only one source.

Question 4 of 13

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the solid gypsum layer?

A. It did not contain any marine fossil.

B. It had formed in open-ocean conditions.

C. It had once been soft, deep-sea mud.

D. It contained sediment from nearby deserts.

Question 5 of 13

Select the two answer choice from paragraph 3 that identify materials discovered in the deepest part of the Mediterranean basin. To receive credit you must select two answers.

A. Volcanic rock fragments.

B. Thin silt layers

C. Soft, deep-sea mud

D. Crystalline salt

Question 6 of 13

What is the main purpose of paragraph 3?

A. To describe the physical evidence collected by Hsu and Ryan

B. To explain why some of the questions posed earlier in the passage could not be answered by the findings of the Glomar Challenger

C. To evaluate techniques used by Hsu and Ryan to explore the sea floor

D. To describe the most difficult problems faced by the Glomar Challenger expedition

Question 7 of 13

According to paragraph 4, which of the following was responsible for the evaporation of the Mediterranean’s waters?

A. The movements of Earth’s crust

B. The accumulation of sediment layers

C. Changes in the water level of the Atlantic Ocean

D. Changes in Earth’s temperature

Question 8 of 13

The word “scores ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. members

B. large numbers

C. populations

D. different types

Question 9 of 13

According to paragraph 4, what caused most invertebrate species in the Mediterranean to become extinct?

A. The evaporation of chemicals necessary for their survival

B. Crustal movements that connected the Mediterranean to the saltier Atlantic

C. The migration of new species through the narrow straits

D. Their inability to tolerate the increasing salt content of the Mediterranean

Question 10 of 13

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.

B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.

C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.

D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them.

Question 11 of 13

The word “Turbulent ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. Fresh

B. Deep

C. Violent

D. Temperate

Question 12 of 13

Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?

Thus, scientists had information about the shape of the domes but not about their chemical composition and origin..

Question 13 of 13

Direction: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.An expedition to the Mediterranean answered some long-standing questions about the ocean’s history.

A.The Glomar Challenger expedition investigated changes in invertebrate fauna and some unusual geologic features.

B.Researchers collected fossils to determine which new species migrated from the Atlantic with older species.

C.Scientists aboard the Glomar Challenger were the first to discover the existence of domelike masses underneath the seafloor.

D.Samples recovered from the expedition revealed important differences in chemical composition and fossil distribution among the sediment layers.

E.Evidence collected by the Glomar Challenger supports geologists' beliefs that the Mediterranean had evaporated and become a desert, before it refilled with water.

F.Mediterranean salt domes formed after crustal movements opened the straits between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, and the Mediterranean refilled with water.

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