官方真题Official5托福阅读Passage2原文文本+真题+答案解析

官方真题Official5托福阅读Passage2题目

Question 1 of 14

According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true statements about Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia EXCEPT:

A. Collectively, these regions are traditionally known as Oceania.

B. These islands of Micronesia are small and spread out.

C. Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand mark the boundaries of Polynesia.

D. Melanesia is situated to the north of Micronesia.

Question 2 of 14

By stating that the theories are “mutually exclusive ” the author means that

A. if one of the theories is true, then all the others must be false

B. the differences between the theories are unimportant

C. taken together, the theories cover all possibilities

D. the theories support each other

Question 3 of 14

The word “overwhelming ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. powerful

B. favorable

C. current

D. reasonable

Question 4 of 14

According to paragraph 2, which of the following led some early researchers to believe that the Pacific islanders originally came from Egypt?

A. Egyptians were known to have founded other great civilizations.

B. Sailors from other parts of the world were believed to lack the skills needed to travel across the ocean.

C. Linguistic, archaeological, and biological data connected the islands to Egypt.

D. Egyptian accounts claimed responsibility for colonizing the Pacific as well as the Americas.

Question 5 of 14

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about early theories of where the first inhabitants of the Pacific islands came from?

A. They were generally based on solid evidence.

B. They tried to account for the origin of the characteristic features of the languages spoken by Pacific islanders.

C. They assumed that the peoples living in Southeast Asia did not have the skills needed to sail to the Pacific islands.

D. They questioned the ideas of Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry.

Question 6 of 14

The word “implements ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. skills

B. tools

C. opportunities

D. practices

Question 7 of 14

All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as required for successful colonization of the Pacific islands EXCEPT

A. knowledge of various Austronesian languages

B. a variety of fishing techniques

C. navigational skills

D. knowledge of plant cultivation

Question 8 of 14

In paragraph 3, why does the author provide information about the types of crops grown and boats used in Southeast Asia during the period around 5000 B.C.E.?

A. To evaluate the relative importance of agriculture and fishing to early Austronesian peoples

B. To illustrate the effectiveness of archaeological and linguistic methods in discovering details about life in ancient times

C. To contrast living conditions on the continent of Asia with living conditions on the Pacific islands

D. To demonstrate that people from this region had the skills and resources necessary to travel to and survive on the Pacific islands

Question 9 of 14

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.

B. The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.

C. Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.

D. The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.

Question 10 of 14

The word “undisputed ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. mysterious

B. unexpected

C. acknowledged

D. significant

Question 11 of 14

According to paragraph 4, which of the following is NOT an explanation for why a group of people might have wanted to colonize the Pacific islands?

A. As their numbers increased, they needed additional territory.

B. The winds and currents made the islands easy to reach.

C. The political situation at home made emigration desirable.

D. They found exploration challenging and exciting.

Question 12 of 14

Why does the author mention the views of “Patrick Kirch "

A. To present evidence in favor of Heyerdahl’s idea about American Indians reaching Oceania

B. To emphasize the familiarity of Pacific islanders with crops from many different regions of the world

C. To indicate that supposed proof for Heyerdahl’s theory has an alternative explanation

D. To demonstrate that some of the same crops were cultivated in both South America and Oceania

Question 13 of 14

Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

Later theories concentrate on journeys in the other direction..

Question 14 of 14

Directions: Choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Together, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia make up the region described as the Pacific islands, or Oceania.

A.The first Europeans to reach the area assumed that the islands’ original inhabitants must have drifted to Oceania, perhaps from Egypt or the Americas.

B.It is now believed that the process of colonization required a great deal of skill, determination, and planning and could not have happened by chance.

C.Using linguistic and archaeological evidence, anthropologists have determined that the first Pacific islanders were Austronesian people from Southeast Asia.

D.New evidence suggests that, rather than being isolated, Pacific islanders engaged in trade and social interaction with peoples living in Southeast Asia.

E.Computer simulations of the winds and currents in the Pacific have shown that reaching the Pacific islands was probably much easier than previously thought.

F.Although early colonizers of the islands probably came from agriculture-based societies, they were obliged to adopt an economy based on fishing.

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