【托福机经】2023年12月2日托福写作机经小范围重点核心预测

总论点：巨型袋鼠灭绝的三大理论分论点1：巨型袋鼠生活的森林被人类放火开垦了分论点2：巨型袋鼠因人类捕猎而灭绝分论点3：巨型袋鼠因为冰河时代而灭绝

总论点：三个理论并不具有说服力分论点1：人类放火开垦只是破坏了很小一部分的森林分论点2：人类那时还没有学会打猎，只吃已经死掉的动物分论点3：巨型袋鼠之前经历了四次极寒气候都没有灭亡

According to the reading passage, the author claims that there are three theories elaborating the reasons for the extinction of diprotodon. However, the lecturer entirely challenges these theories.First of all, in the reading passage the author believes that human’s deforestation is the major factor for the disappearance of diprotodon. In contrast, the lecturer opposes this view and maintains that although fire destroyed some parts of the Australia

Reading: the formation of MIMA mounds 1. they are built by Native American maybe use it to do ceremony有记录显示他们造过类似的东西。 2. earthquake依据是有mound的地方土很松。 3. a kind of mammal（某种地鼠）。

Listening: 教授反驳： 1. cannot be built by human, human use certain kind of material to build others mounds but then cannot found this material no sign of people activity of ceremony here(no tools). 2. Cannot be earthquake: lots of MIMA mounds formed in place only have little frequency of earthquake; many don’t have the loose soil that can be used to build it. 3. no one have observe them create new MIMA mounds they moved in the MIMA mounds after the formation cause it’s a good place for them to live ,a good habitat.

The lecturer argues that the formation of the mima mounds in the United States is still unknown. ②This directly refutes the reading passage’s claim that the formation of mima mounds can fit into one of the three major theories. 　　First, the professor says that mima mounds were artificially made. According to the professor, there are no artifacts or human remains found during the process of excavation. ③This casts doubt

【阅读】是从欧洲移民过去的，有三个证据。 1. spear points的刀锋和欧洲的一样 2. bone & skull和欧洲的像 3. 他们可以穿越Atlantic ocean 因为那时候全结冰了。

【听力】北美人是从亚洲过去的，有三个证据。 1. 北美和欧洲的spear point确实像，但是独立发展的，因为那有大型哺乳动物，他们各自发展了spear point来hunt。 2. 一个skull的例子不能说明问题 随便找个bone都能跟欧洲的像。 3. 穿越大西洋很危险，几乎没有机会存活。而且他们没有这样的经验。