官方真题Official5托福阅读Passage1原文文本+真题+答案解析

官方真题Official5托福阅读Passage1题目

Question 1 of 14

According to paragraph 1, what is true of plants that can grow in serpentine soil?

A. They absorb micronutrients unusually well.

B. They require far less calcium than most plants do.

C. They are able to absorb nitrogen in its elemental state.

D. They are typically crops raised for food.

Question 2 of 14

The word “exhibit ” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. fight offB. showC. causeD. spread

Question 3 of 14

According to paragraph 2, which of the following symptoms occurs in phosphorus-deficient plants but not in plants deficient in nitrogen or iron?

A. Chlorosis on leaves

B. Change in leaf pigmentation to a dark shade of green

C. Short, stunted appearance of stems

D. Reddish pigmentation on the leaves or stem

Question 4 of 14

According to paragraph 2, a symptom of iron deficiency is the presence in young leaves of

A. deep red discoloration between the veins

B. white or yellow tissue between the veins

C. dead spots between the veins

D. characteristic dark green veins

Question 5 of 14

The word “facilitates ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. slows down

B. affects

C. makes easier

D. focuses on

Question 6 of 14

According to paragraph 3, what is the advantage of hydroponics for research on nutrient deficiencies in plants?

A. It allows researchers to control what nutrients a plant receives.

B. It allows researchers to observe the growth of a large number of plants simultaneously.

C. It is possible to directly observe the roots of plants.

D. It is unnecessary to keep misting plants with nutrient solutions.

Question 7 of 14

The word “suspended ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. grown

B. protected

C. spread out

D. hung

Question 8 of 14

Why does the author mention “herbs”, “shrubs”, and “trees”?

A. To provide examples of plant types that cannot tolerate high levels of harmful minerals.

B. To show why so many plants are hyperaccumulators.

C. To help explain why hyperaccumulators can be found in so many different places.

D. To emphasize that hyperaccumulators occur in a wide range of plant types.

Question 9 of 14

The word “afford ” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. offer

B. prevent

C. increase

D. remove

Question 10 of 14

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Before considering phytoremediation, hyperaccumulating species of plants local to the target area must be identified.

B. The investigation begins with an evaluation of toxic sites in the target area to determine the extent of contamination.

C. The first step in phytoremediation is the planting of hyperaccumulating plants in the area to be cleaned up.

D. Mines and irrigation ponds can be kept from becoming contaminated by planting hyperaccumulating species in targeted areas.

Question 11 of 14

It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that compared with standard practices for remediation of contaminated soils, phytoremediation

A. does not allow for the use of the removed minerals for industrial purposes

B. can be faster to implement

C. is equally friendly to the environment

D. is less suitable for soils that need to be used within a short period of time

Question 12 of 14

Why does the author mention “Indian mustard ”?

A. To warn about possible risks involved in phytoremediation

B. To help illustrate the potential of phytoremediation

C. To show that hyperaccumulating plants grow in many regions of the world

D. To explain how zinc contamination can be reduced

Question 13 of 14

Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Where could the sentence best fit?

Certain minerals are more likely to be accumulated in large quantities than others..

Question 14 of 14

Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Plants need to absorb certain minerals from the soil in adequate quantities for normal growth and develop

A.Some plants are able to accumulate extremely high levels of certain minerals and thus can be used to clean up soils contaminated with toxic levels of these minerals.

B.Though beneficial in lower levels, high levels of salts, other minerals, and heavy metals can be harmful to plants.

C.When plants do not absorb sufficient amounts of essential minerals, characteristic abnormalities result.

D.Because high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts limit growth in most plants, much research has been done in an effort to develop salt-tolerant agricultural crops.

E.Some plants can tolerate comparatively low levels of certain minerals, but such plants are of little use for recycling nutrients back into depleted soils.

F.Mineral deficiencies in many plants can be cured by misting their roots with a nutrient solution or by transferring the plants to a soilless nutrient solution.

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