【小站原创】官方真题Official36托福阅读文本及答案解析（Industrial Melanism: The Case of the Peppered Moth）

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1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Peppered moth populations gradually increased in size, with dark-colored moths increasing their numbers fastest in the industrialized areas of Germany and England.

B. Over a period of decades, dark-colored peppered moths came to certain areas of the Ruhr Valley and the Midlands and became the dominant forms there.

C. In Germany and England, dark-colored peppered moths forced most light-colored moths out of their territories.

D. While they also increased elsewhere, dark-colored peppered moths gradually became the dominant form in areas of extreme industrialization.

Paragraph 2 is marked with ►

答案：

D选项正确

解析：

本题所说高亮部分定位在这里：Over a period of decades, dark-colored forms became an increasingly large fraction of some populations and eventually came to dominate peppered moth populations in certain areas —especially those of extreme industrialization such as the Ruhr Valley of Germany and the Midlands of England. 这句话的大意是黑色的蛾子在所有蛾子中所占比例逐渐加大，进而在某些地区成为了优势物种，特别是在有大型工业的地区。选项D是这句话的同义转述，选择;选项A是说这种黑色蛾子在体积上变大，原文里并没有提，错误;选项B是说黑色蛾子来到了两个工业地区，并快速繁殖，占领优势地位，因果关系错误;选项C是说黑色蛾子把浅色蛾子赶走了，原文里也没有说。选择D。

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