SAT2化学考试知识点总结

Liquids, Solids,and Phase Changes 液体，固体和状态变化

Liquids(液体)

Importance of Intermolecular Interaction(分子间相互作用的重要性)

Kinetics of Liquids(液体动力学)

Viscosity(粘性)

Surface Tension(表面张力)

Capillary Action(毛细作用)

Phase Equilibrium(平衡状态)

Boiling Point(沸点)

Critical Temperature and Pressure(临界温度和临界压力)

Solids(固体)

Phase Diagrams(状态图表)

Water(水)

History of Water(水的历史)

Purification of Water(水净化)

Composition of Water(水的构成)

Properties and Uses of Water(水的性质和使用)

Water’s Reactions with Anhydrides(水和碱性氧化物的反应)

Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding(极性和氢键)

Solubility(可溶性)

General Rules of Solubility(可溶性的基本原则)

Factors That Affect Rate of Solubility(影响溶解率的因素)

Summary of Types of Solutes and Relationships of Type to Solubility

(溶液类型和类型之间关系的总结)

Water Solutions(水处理)

Continuum of Water Mixtures(水混合溶剂)

Expressions of Concentration(浓度的表达)

Dilution(稀释)

Colligative Properties of Solutions(溶液的依数性)

Crystallization(结晶化)

Chemical Reactions and Thermochemistry 化学反应和热化学

Types of Reactions(反应类型)

Predicting Reactions(预知化学反应)

Combination(Known Also as Synthesis(化合反应)

Decomposition(Known Also as Analysis(分解反应)

Single Replacement(置换反应)

Double Replacement(复分解反应)

Hydrolysis Reactions(水解反应)

Entropy(熵)

Thermochemistry(热化学)

Changes in Enthalpy(焓变化)

Additivity of Reaction Heats and Hess’s Law(反应热加成性定律—赫士定律)

Bond Dissociation Energy(键裂解能)

Enthalpy from Bond Energies(键能中的键焓)

Rates of Chemical Reactions 化学反应速率

Measurements of Reaction Rates(反应速率的测量)

Factors Affecting Reaction Rates(影响反应速率的因素)

Collision Theory of Reaction Rates(化学反应速率的碰撞理论)

Activation Energy(激活能)

Reaction Rate Law(化学反应速率定律)

Reaction Mechanism and Rates of Reaction(化学反应机制和化学反应速率)

Chemical Equilibrium化学平衡

Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium(可逆反应和平衡)

Le Chatelier’s Principle(化学平衡移动原理—勒复特列原理)

Effects of Changing Conditions(条件变化的影响)

Effect of Changing the Concentrations(浓度改变的影响)

Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium(平衡中温度改变的影响)

Effect of Pressure on Equilibrium(平衡中压力改变的影响)

Equilibrium in Heterogeneous Systems(异构系统中的平衡)

Equilibrium Constant for Systems Involving Solids(涉及固体的系统平衡常数)

Acid Ionization Constants(酸电离常数)

Ionization Constant of Water(水电离常数)

Solubility Products(溶解度产物)

Common Ion Effect(同离子效应)

Driving Forces of Reactions(反应推动力)

Relation of Minimum Energy(Enthalpy) to Maximum Disorder(Entropy)(焓—熵关系)

Change in Free Energy of a System-the Gibbs Equation(系统中自由能的变化—吉布斯公式)

Acids, Bases, and Salts 酸，碱，盐

Definitions and Properties(定义和性质)

Acids(酸)

Bases(碱)

Broader Acid-Base Theories(酸—碱理论)

Conjugate Acids and Bases(共轭酸碱)

Strengh of Conjugate Acids and Bases(共轭酸碱强度)

Acid Concentration Expressed as pH(pH表示为酸浓度)

Indicators(指示剂)

Titration—Volumetric Analysis(滴定—容量分析法)

Buffer Solutions(缓冲溶液)

Salts(盐)

Amphoteric Substances(两性物质)

Acid Rain—An Environmental Concern(酸雨—共同关心的环境问题)

Oxidation-Reduction and Electrochemistry 氧化—还原反应和电化学

Ionization(电离)

Oxidation-Reduction and Electrochemistry(氧化---还原反应和电化学)

Voltaic Cells(伏打电池)

Electrode Potentials(电极电位)

Electrolytic Cells(电解池)

Applications of Electrochemical Cells(Commercial Voltaic Cells)(电化电池的应用)

Quantitative Aspects of Electrolysis(电解现象)

Relationship Between Quantity of Electricity and Amount of Products(电量和数量的关系)

Balancing Redox Equations Using Oxidation Numbers(用氧化数配平氧化还原方程式)

The Ion-Electron Method(离子—电子法)

Some Representative Groups and Families 一些有代表性的元素族

Sulfur Family(S族) Sulfuric Acid(硫酸) Other Important Compoundsof Sulfur(S元素的其他重要化合物) HalogenFamily(卤素) Some important Halides and Their Uses(一些重要的卤化物及其应用) Nitrogen Family(氮族) Nitric Acid(硝酸) Other Important Compounds of Nitrogen(N元素的其他重要化合物) Other Members of the Nitrogen Family(N族的其他区成员) Metals(金属) Properties of Metals(金属性质) Some Important Reduction Methods(一些重要的还原方法)Alloys(铝) Metalloids(非金属)

Carbon and Organic Chemistry 碳和有机化学

Carbon(碳) Forms ofCarbon(碳的构成) Carbon Dioxide(二氧化碳) Organic Chemistry(有机化学) Hydrocarbons(碳氢化合物) Alkane Series(Saturated)(烷烃) AlkeneSeries(Unsaturated) AlkyneSeries(Unsaturated)(炔属烃)Aromatics(芳烃) Isomers(异构体)Changing Hydrocarbons(碳氢化合物的改变) Hydrocarbon Derivatives(碳氢化合物的衍生物) Alcohols—Methanol an Ethanol(酒精—甲醇和乙醇) Other Alcohols(其他酒精) Aldehydes(乙醛) Organic Acids or Carboxylic Acids(有机酸和羧酸)Ketones(酮) Ethers(醚) Amines andAmino Acids(胺和氨基酸) Esters(酯)Carbohydrates(碳水化合物) Monosaccharides and Disaccharides(单糖和二糖) Polysaccharides(多糖) Polymers(聚合体)

Nucleonics 原子核物理学

Radioactivity(放射热) TheNature of Radioactive Emissions(放射的本质) Methods ofDetection of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Rays(α，β和γ射线) Decay Series,Transmutations, and Half-life(衰变，嬗变和半衰期) RadioactiveDating(放射年代测定法) Nuclear Energy(核能) Conditions for Fission(核裂变条件) Methods ofObtaining Fissionable Material(得到裂变材料的方法) Fusion(核聚变) Radiation Exposure(辐射暴露)

The Laboratory 实验室

Technology in the Laboratory(实验室里的技术) Some Basic Setups(一些基本步骤) Summary ofQualitative Tests(定性测试总结) Ⅰ. Identification of SomeCommon Gases(常见气体认证) Ⅱ. Identification of Some NegativeIons(负离子认证) Ⅲ . Identification of Some Positive Ions(正离子认证) Ⅳ .Qualitative Tests of Some Metals(金属的定性测试)