在美国读本科还可以转学?哈佛、耶鲁等高校对转学都有这些要求

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摘要:本文介绍美国本科转学详情,包括斯坦福、哈佛、耶鲁、密歇根大学分校等五所名校的转学说明。什么人适合申请转学?美国高校考察的标准有哪些?其实行转学的目的是什么?有转学打算的小伙伴看这里!


Interests and activities 兴趣与活动

l Do you care deeply about anything—intellectual? Extracurricular? Personal?

l What have you learned from your interests? What have you done with your interests? How have you achieved results? With what success or failure? What have you learned as a result?

l In terms of extracurricular, athletic, community, or family commitments, have you taken full advantage of opportunities?

l What is the quality of your activities? Do you appear to have a genuine commitment or leadership role?

l If you have not had much time in high school for extracurricular pursuits due to familial, work, or other obligations, what do you hope to explore at Harvard with your additional free time?

Character and personality 性格与品质

l What choices have you made for yourself? Why?

l Are you a late bloomer?

l How open are you to new ideas and people?

l What about your maturity, character, leadership, self-confidence, warmth of personality, sense of humor, energy, concern for others, and grace under pressure?

Contribution to the Harvard community 对哈佛大学的贡献

l Will you be able to stand up to the pressures and freedoms of College life?

l Will you contribute something to Harvard and to your classmates? Will you benefit from your Harvard experience?

l Would other students want to room with you, share a meal, be in a seminar together, be teammates, or collaborate in a closely knit extracurricular group?

Yale University 耶鲁大学

Yale seeks to admit a small number of extraordinary transfer candidates each year. However, no simple profile of grades, scores, and interests can assure a transfer applicant admission to Yale. The two to three percent transfer admissions rate reflects space limitations at Yale and means that we must deny admission to most qualified applicants. Diversity within the student body is important, and the committee works very hard to select a class of able and contributing individuals from as broad a range of backgrounds as possible.

It is difficult to state in general terms what qualities will improve a transfer applicant’s chances of success, because those chances are unfortunately quite low, and we judge each application individually and holistically.

l A transfer candidate’s academic strength is our first consideration. An applicant for transfer admission should have an outstanding academic record. The average GPA of admitted transfer students is usually 3.8 and above in a demanding selection of courses.

l Transfer candidates should also have particularly compelling and well-defined academic reasons for wishing to attend Yale.

l Wanting to leave one’s current school is not a sufficient argument for admission to Yale. Transfer candidates should explain in their application essays how studying at Yale would give them an educational opportunity particular to their interests that could be experienced nowhere else.

l The Admissions Committee also gives serious consideration to a transfer applicant’s motivation, curiosity, energy, leadership ability, and distinctive talents. The personal essays and evaluations from college faculty members, deans, and secondary school counselors provide a great deal of insight into these qualities. We hope to find students who have made significant contributions to their college and local community.

University of Michigan-Ann Arbor 密歇根大学安娜堡分校,说的比较简单:

l Is in good academic and social standing at his/her prior institution.

l Has a distinguished record of college work, earning a cumulative GPA of at least a B (3.0 on a 4.0 scale) or better.

l Has earned sophomore or junior standing (preferably) with transferable credit earned at a community college or another two- or four-year college or university.

在这里不一一陈列,我个人总结来说,这些大学希望通过招收转学生实现以下几个目的:

1, 寻找潜力股,筛选最值得投资的年轻人(这几乎是所有美国优秀大学的目标)

2, 给本校现在的大学群体增加多样性

3, 实现教育公平性(这个主要是公立大学的着眼点,例如加州大学系统)

4, 弥补学生退学、休学、转走后的空位

关于第一点具体到转学这个场景下,那么核心关键点就是:你是不是已经证明,你有能力最大化利用身边的资源,你现在所处的环境不能再给你更多的帮助,需要一个更高的平台更好的资源帮助你进一步提升。

再进一步解读,就是:第一,你要在你现在的学校学术上有出色表现,学习能力没问题,能很好的适应未来在我们学校的学习压力,所以各个学校都会根据自己的水平来在对应档次的大学中选对应的学生。比如top20的大学录取的绝大多数学生都是在世界知名大学中选GPA比较出色的,这是一个基础条件。第二,你要证明你还是一个有很强的自我管理能力、有激情有想法的人,能够积极主动且成熟的做事、看待问题。例如,除了常规的学术学习,你还能去干一两件(几件的比较少)自己喜欢的事情,且干得非常出色。

关于第二点,和新生申请学校的考量一样,希望通过有各种不同经历的人在一起碰撞,以了解来自不同世界的人,从而可以站在一个不同角度(或者叫更高角度,只是学校不会选用这个有争议的说法)看待问题。和Freshmen申请一样,你可以从自己的特长,特殊的成长经历带给自己人生观世界观的影响角度去展现给学校。只不过,本身在别的学校有就读经历和本校的学生比就是一种多样性。

关于第三点比较复杂一点,需要对美国本科教育体制有较全面的了解。美国的全职本科教育提供方式有2年制副学位,4年制学士学位两种,前者就是社区大学(即community college,大家习惯缩写为CC;虽然有一些4年制社区大学,但多数都是2年为主),后者又可以从资金来源方式分为公立大学和私立大学,或从培养侧重点分为文理艺术教育哲学和专门职业教育两类(前者多以LAC存在,后者一般在综合性大学惯称大U)。无论是2年制还是4年制,都有公立和私立两种形式。这样丰富的形式就可以让美国人在高中毕业之后有很多种高等教育的选择,通过公立体系解决大众教育的问题,通过私立教育实现个性化教育和精英教育。

基于这样的体系,公立大学会留出很多名额给本州的社区大学学生,比如UC-Berkeley这所顶尖的大学,有近三分之一是来自CC的,转学最大优先级是给CC的,有些和UC-Berkeley,UCLA这种顶级高校有协议的CC,学生只要达到GPA要求,可以确保被录取。所以一些没有把握申请到UC-Berkeley或者UCLA这种学校的学生,会选择加州的一些CC,然后通过转学实现目标。(当然,这里是有风险的,比如被一些中介误导以为很容易,过去后才发现很少有学生可以达到要求的GPA)。

不过关于这点,大家只要知道,美国大规模的公立大学相对规模较小的私立大学而言转学更容易一些就好了。

关于第四点,对转学申请的影响比较直接的就是,转学名额相对不太稳定,而且越好的学校,因为录取时已经着重考虑了学生的适应情况,流动率越低,转学名额越少。不但录取比例比新生要低几个百分点,更要命的是总名额只有二三十个这种量级,难度非常大。而公立大学因为学生基数大,流动性高,转学难度较顶级私立大学小很多。

基于上述情况,我们可以知道,适合考虑转学的人群有以下几种:

1, 高考或者Freshmen申请录取结果不理想,对所读大学失望的学生

2, 大学专业不是自己喜欢的学生

3, 现在大学不能满足自己需求,学不到更多东西的学生

4, 不安于现状,想挑战新高度的学生

前两类好理解,不解释。第三类比较显著的特点就是在本校的学习成绩比较好,学习按部就班,较为平淡,没有特别大的挑战,缺乏高考时那种拼命努力的激情。例如我这些年接触的很多适合做这件事情的学生就是在国内顶尖985学习成绩很好,比较有自己想法,但是缺乏释放自己更大激情的挑战,对未来很困惑。

第四类,不管是在国内的大专,还是在985,对自己有更高要求。比如在大专的,可以通过转学拿到超出国内一本含金量的学士学位,在985的,希望研究所的时候可以进到全球最顶尖的优秀大学。(全美top10这种的)那就可以通过转学作为跳板,让自己在研究生申请时可以拥有更大的竞争力。

不过,无论是上面那种情况,最后都要有足够的资金作为保障。虽然我们有LAC转学半奖的案例,但是转学比奖学金巨难拿的Freshmen还要难拿,所以如果没有60w以上的资金储备,最好是100w,因为很有可能还要读研究生。(当然如果以后要读PhD,基本是全奖,也就只要考虑本科两年左右的费用了)

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