2018年4月21日雅思写作机经重点预测

1. 投资科学研究应该优于其他学科，因为新科技的发明和突破是我们今天社会前进的根本驱动力。举例，如果没有对医学方面的投资，则新的药品，疫苗，诊断技术，医学设备都不会诞生。同样的，给我们生活带来便利和舒适的家电，如冰箱，电视，洗衣机，也都来自长期地科学研究。 2. 然而，其他不那么实用的学科仍然有投资的必要。举例，数学，这个标准的理论性学科，是必须给予资金支持的，因为它是其他实用性学科的基础，如计算机，生物工程，化学等等。正是数学的突破给这些学科提供了新的理论，公式，数学模型和测试。 3. 此外，文学学科的重要性在于，它们把学生培养成了合格的社会公民。举例，通过学习历史和哲学，学生能学会基本的道德，民主和社会规范，以及对于本土文化的热爱

Now, it is widely held that in terms of the confined scientific funding, the government should give priorities to research for "hard sciences" over "soft sciences". Personally, I think this assertion fails to grasp the values of these seemingly less fruitful subjects, and my reasons would be listed as below. Admittedly, there is a necessity for the government to keep the primary investment into scientific research, for whose breakthroughs can make practical contributions to our society. To begin with, with more financial aid from the government to be used in the medical research, human beings will profit much from it. Indeed, a new breed of medicine needs to be experimented many times prior to being introduced to and benefiting us. Without money, experiments are hard to be proceeded. In addition, it is obvious that funds used in technology may contribute to the improvement of our living standard. For instance, the inventions o

1. 第一种方案的好处：大学学费全部由政府承担能普及大学教育，这能让每一个年轻人都获取专业知识，技能，以及法律观念，最终能提高社会生产力，并且让社会变得更文明和守法。 2. 第二种方案的好处：大学学费完全由学生负担能限制大学的学生数量，这确保了大学教育的质量，比如说更少的师生比率，更小的班级上课，以及一个安静的校园。 3. 第三种方案的好处：提供学生学费贷款能为年轻人提供一条进入大学的途径。同时，还贷款的压力为这些年轻人提供了动力来努力学习。这样他们才能在毕业后找到好的工作来还钱。

Who should shoulder the responsibility of paying for the higher education, the government or the student? Three possible ways for this social issue are proposed. Personally, I believe the best resolution is the third one that allows a student to borrow the loan from the government and repay it after graduation, and my reasons will be displayed as below. The main benefit from the first plan is about the improvement of qualities among the public. The full payment of government for schooling fees makes university education universally available to all individuals, both rich and poor. That is to say, every citizen can be well educated and equipped with professional knowledge, skills, advanced technologies, as well as the concepts about social laws, rules and morality. With these abilities and virtues, these graduates will enhance the social productivity, the creativity in jobs, and make the community gen

1. 确保政府的运行，恢复银行业务以及对于企业的贷款。 2. 金钱是最灵活的援助，它能满足不同国家的一切需求，因为它能进行购买，而实际的援助很多情况下可能不是穷国所真正需要的。举例，给越南大米没有用，它不缺粮食，它的大米可以自给自足，甚至可以出口。 经济援助的风险： 1. 缺乏监管，金钱可能被穷国的官僚贪污。 2. 会被用于打内战，这加剧了平穷。 3. 金钱无法买来一切，比如说各个行业的人才，教师，医生，还有各种相关的知识，技能和经验。

What kinds of relief from rich countries should be given priority in terms of supporting developing countries? Some people think the best resolution of this issue is simply money. Others, however, refute that other auxiliary measures, instead of finance, are a wiser decision. Personally, I am in favor of the latter view, and the supporting reasons will be presented as below. Firstly, financial aids allow a poor country to build up an effective government by paying salaries of governmental personnel without delay. With stable income, most officials would be satisfied and motivated to be fully in charge of social technical, executive and supervisory positions, thus lifting the community out of street violence and crimes. Besides, financial injection helps to restore the banking system. Accordingly, what the capital input brings includes vibrant industry and business, ever-increasing job opportunities and tax revenue for public welfare. Another reason for support

管自己的好处： 1. 国家的税收和资源都是基于国内大众，所以国家必须首先对国内问题负责，否则大众会认为遭到忽略和歧视，他们会推翻政府。 2. 国外问题太多，缺乏监管和法律，那些爱心捐款和物资有可能流入国外官僚的腰包，而没有起到救助国外穷人的初始目的。 3. 我们国内社会需要用钱的方面都已经太多，钱用自家都不够，捐助国外只会引起国内弱势群体的愤怒，增加社会犯罪类。 管他人的好处： 1. 很多国外的社会问题都是过去我们国家的某些行动导致的，如战争和侵略，所以我们因该对国外的贫穷负责。 2. 很多国外的问题最终会影响到我们的社会，比如说索马里海盗对于西方海运的威胁。 3. 很多国际问题是不分国界的，比如说国外的环境污染和疾病会通过自然渠道流入我们国内。

What kinds of relief from rich countries should be given priority in terms of supporting developing countries? Some people think the best resolution of this issue is simply money. Others, however, refute that other auxiliary measures, instead of finance, are a wiser decision. Personally, I am in favor of the latter view, and the supporting reasons will be presented as below. Firstly, financial aids allow a poor country to build up an effective government by paying salaries of governmental personnel without delay. With stable income, most officials would be satisfied and motivated to be fully in charge of social technical, executive and supervisory positions, thus lifting the community out of street violence and crimes. Besides, financial injection helps to restore the banking system. Accordingly, what the capital input brings includes vibrant industry and business, ever-increasing job opportunities and tax revenue for public welfare. Another reason for support

不应该交税： 1. 交税像一种剥削，这会降低员工对于工作的热情。 2. 税收的使用不透明，会被贪污或者乱用，比如郭美美。 3. 税收使用的不公平，真正获益的是那些无所事事的人，如丐帮和罪犯们。这是强迫努力工作的人为一无是处的家伙们买单。 应该交税： 1. 税收让政府能有序运转，这是社会管理的前提。 2. 税收确保了社会稳定，否则丐帮一旦造反，大家都活不了。 3. 税收促进了生活水平，比如说支撑了公交系统，学校，医院，运动场，公园等。

In contemporary society, what we finally own is usually less than what we initially earn due to the tax payment. As long as we make money, a certain percentage of our incomes should be rendered to the government. People grumbling about this rule propose that the system should be abolished, with whom I could hardly share the same cup of tea. Admittedly, it seems to be a little unfair considering that we cannot own all the money we earn. However, for the benefit of an individual in the long term, paying tax is reasonable and w

国家医疗的好处1：一个免费的医疗系统有利于社会的稳定。如果只是富人能享受医疗，而穷人不停遭受疾病折磨的话，则社会犯罪和暴力就会增加。 国家医疗的好处2：这有利于降低医疗成本。私人公司做医疗都是为了赚钱。为了获取最高利益，它们会推荐，甚至强迫病患使用最昂贵的治疗方式和药物，这极大地增加了病人的经济负担。 国家医疗的坏处：这不利于大众保健。举例，一旦看病的费用是政府的公共税收承担，而不是私人的话，则太多的人会忽略健康问题，甚至会放弃锻炼。

What is the obligation of the government on social medical services? Some people believe the government should completely substitute the private companies by running the health-care system by itself. Personally, I partially concur with this assertion, and my reasons would be listed as below. Firstly, a universal health service run by the tax revenue of the government can cover all social classes, both the rich and the poor, which represents the human rights of all social individuals, and which is the precondition of social fairness and stability. In contrast, privatization of medical care leads to polarization of medical services. Only the affluent people will be able to derive its benefits, while poor people with non-affordability would be aban

慈善国际化的理由1：公平性。帮助弱势群体是慈善的第一目标，这和受众人群的背景，宗族没有关系。此外，这能增加国与国直接的互信。举例，如果南韩能资助北韩来对付饥荒的话，则两个国家间将不再有对抗和战争。 慈善国际化的理由2：帮助穷国其实是帮助自己。举例，很多全球性问题是跨国界的，如疾病，污染，恐怖主义。它们源于穷国家的贫穷，却会很快地传播到富国境内。所以，给穷国家捐钱捐物捐药，其实也是保护了富国自身。

Charity organizations always play a pivotal role in helping people who live in sub-human conditions or impoverished countries. It is undeniable that charity organizations do a great deal for the less fortunate. However, people have mixed views about whether charity organizations should help their own country or other places. It is understandable that people from different backgrounds have disparate interpretations on the same issue. Firstly, there are main reasons approving of such cross-border charitable support .For one thing, it is based on humanitarianism that helps those who deserve to be assisted. That is to say everyone is equal to get the aid, regardless of their origin, race, and color. For another, these charitable activities can help to reduce the gap between rich and poor. Actua

好处： 1. 能促进主办地的设施现代化。举例，为了伺候奥运会，大规模的交通设施，公路，铁路会被要求改建和更新，这为整个城市带来了更高效的交运系统。。 2. 绝佳的机会来展示和传播主办国的文化，消除文化差异带来的误解，这增加了国家间的尊敬和信任。 3. 点燃大众运动热情，通过促进运动改善大众体质。 4. 奥运会刺激了经济。它会吸纳数百万人的观光，这拉动了内需，也创造了就业。 坏处： 1. 太烧钱，巨大的开销甚至会占用原本属于社会福利的税收，这降低了当地人的生活质量。 2. 很多场馆的用途过于单一和专业，奥运会之后它们不得不长期闲置，甚至被抛弃。 3. 安保工作一直是一大头疼事儿，举例，1972年的德国慕尼黑惨剧历历在目。

As the NO.1 sports competition worldwide, the Olympic Games was held continuously in disparate regions in the past. Many people believe this sports tradition should remain, because of its positive impacts on the host country. However, others refute that it is unwise to spend the large amount of money on it. Personally, I am in favor of the former view, and my reasons will be expounded as below. The first reason for supporting the Olympic Games is that it provides opportunities for the modernization of social infrastructure for a host city, which can leave a lasting heritage for the whole community. For example, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games stimulated the update of transportation system, such as the doubled number of highways, higher extension of subways and accommodation of airports, as well as an integration of land and air traffic. Therefore, contributions to this city the great sporting event made

政府制定的必要性1：推广和普及基础教育。举例，必须在全国范围推广关于国语和社会公共法律的课程，这样能让每一个孩子都成为合格的社会公民，能够阅读，也能够守法。而个体老师则很可能安装自己的意愿来教导学生，他们可能教的是当地的语言，当地的宗教规则，这些和整个社会是不兼容的。 政府制定的必要性2：政府掌握着社会就业的数据，它知道社会需要哪些专业，不需要哪些专业。所以政府来制定教育的话，能保证学生学到的知识和技能是社会工作真正需要的。 老师制定的必要性：老师从来都战斗在教育第一线，他们更有经验，也更能了解学生的需求。举例，老师可以灵活的来改变和调整上课的内容和方法，目的是让每一个学生都能掌握这节课的知识。而政府则不不可能预测到这些具体学习上的问题。

Who should shoulder the responsibilities of determining the contents of subjects of school education? The government or the preceptors? This issue has been a heated social issue in debate. Personally, I believe the combination of them might be the best solution, and reasons will be expounded as below. Firstly, the government should make efforts in popularization of basic education, which ensures every child can grow up into a regular citizen. For example, it is very wise that the central government forces every elementary school to teach some compulsory subjects like official languages and state’s laws, for the general knowledge can shape all children of new generations, especially the ones in remote or religious areas, into standard people with common languages skills to read news and data in media, as well as law-abiding consciousness to distinguish the right from the wrong. On the contrary, a single teacher is untruthful. In many cases, a local teacher in a religious region prefers instill

1. 探索家族历史的直接动因是，在一个全球移民潮的大背景下，越来越多的人会远离家乡，住在一个新的文化环境之下。举例，在美国的亚洲移民后代会感觉他们和社会主流人群不一样，这就催生了他们的好奇心，想搞清楚自己的家族起源和身世背景。 2. 这样的做法同时带来了好处和坏处。首先，这有利于人民搞清楚家族有没有遗传病，并尽早进行防备和治疗。第二，对于那些移民二代们，了解了自己的身世和来历有利于他们找回自我肯定。 3. 当然，这也有可能带来麻烦。举例，如果美国黑人一天过于痴迷祖先的历史，他们就会发现他们的前辈们被白人奴役和折磨的血泪史。这样一来，他们对于白人，甚至是整个社会的愤怒和敌意就会点燃，这就是俗称的种族主义。

In the contemporary society, there is a tendency that more people have a desire to trace back their family history. Personally, I believe it is a natural response in an era of immigration, and its merits override the demerits. The main reason why people have a big motivation and curiosity in looking for the root of family is about the population movement in a deep globalization, which is called the thriving of immigration. For example, today, there are a large number of descendants of Asian migrators born and living in the America. In this society whose population mainly consists of white and black men, they gradually find that their physical characters like colors of skins, hairs and eyes are distinctive from their peers ar

1. 原因如下：第一，第一是上学的成本。举例，理科的学费太贵，奖学金又太激烈，而且学生还需要购买电脑和相关软件，这对于很多学生而言无法负担。第二，难学也是阻碍学生选择理科的原因。举例，太多的抽象，复杂，隐晦的公式，远离，计算过程，让学生们产生严重的挫败感。还有，很多学生会在中途放弃学业，就是因为感觉无法通过高难度的期末考试。最后一点，就业困境。举例，科研为主的工作很不稳定，一旦出现经济下滑，公司亏损，项目取消，或是技术过时，那些工程师总是被裁员的第一目标。 2. 理科生人数下降会导致严重的社会问题。首先，公司和大学的很多科研项目将因为缺乏从业者而不得不停滞和取消。第二，各个机构和公司的管理会陷入混乱，因为它们无法雇佣到计算机专员来管理，维护和修复它们的电脑。第三，科研也会因为缺乏年轻人的加入而无法获得突破，因为老年人是缺乏创造力和质疑精神的。

Nowadays, there are fewer applications of high school graduates for science subjects in universities and colleges. In this essay, I will explore possible reasons and impacts of this trend on the society. Many reasons can explain why the population of students majoring science is shrinking. Firstly, Scientific subjects cost too much, and computer science is a typical example. High tuition fees, extra investment in devices and software for studying, in conjunction with the fierce competition in fellowships, make this subject too expensive to be affordable to many youngsters. Secondly, compared with arts subjects, the knowledge of Math, Physics and Chemistry are publicly hard to learn, because they contain t

1. 学习历史无用，因为历史上的信息过于抽象，过时，对于今天的生活没有意义。举例，它无法教会孩子们实用技能，关于计算机，互联网，银行业务，做饭，以及急救。换句话说，后面这些的相关课程应该优于历史课被考虑，因为它们帮助学生管理日常生活。 2. 然而，学习历史是非常有益的。首先，历史经验和教训教会学生正确的社会价值观，道德，以及法律意识。此外，历史上伟大的人物事迹能鼓励年轻人勇敢面对今天的挑战。 3. 此外，学习历史培养了孩子们对于传统文化的热爱。历史是传统的记录者，从食物到衣服，从建筑到艺术品，从社会风俗到宗教仪式。学习这些知识让孩子们获取独特的文化身份。

These days, the passion of a fraction of people in studying history is declining, because they believe such knowledge is out of mode and impractical in modern society. In my view, this contention overlooks the irreplaceable values of learning history, and my reasons will be listed as below. Admittedly, the information in history is too theoretical, outmoded, abstract and purposeless to be applied in daily life of children. For example, no matter how proficient children are in remembering historical stories and people, they still have no idea about answers of how to use computer and the Internet, how to deal with banking business, or skills of cooking and first aids. Therefore, to this extent, it is reasonable to give the priority to those life-related subjects over history, because the form courses like computer, health care and economy are the main way of equipping ch

1. 主科的必要性：它们是孩子们整个教育生涯和职业生涯的基础。举例，数学课培养了孩子们基本的计算，分析和推导能力。它也为今后的各样大学专业，如计算机，工程，生物和化学提供了基础理论，公式，测试的模型等。 2. 但是，副科，如音乐和体育，绝对有存在的价值。首先，它们培养了孩子们的某些良好素质。举例，音乐课中的大合唱环节能培养孩子们的耐心，纪律性和适应性。同样，体育课中，孩子们会接受各种项目锻炼，如长跑，游泳，足球等，这培养了它们的体力，决心，信心，以及竞争精神和团队合作的意识。 3. 音乐课和体育课能帮助学生放松学习压力。举例，在繁重的学术学习，考试和各种任务之后，在音乐课上听一首歌曲，或是在体育课上玩耍下，都是很好的减压方式，恢复孩子们对于学习的热情。

Currently, there is an argument that non-academic courses like music and sports should be cut off, because they have no serviceable values. Personally, this contention is indefensible and overpasses the positive impacts of these courses on the growth of children. My reasons will be explored as below. Admittedly, in school education, academic courses should be given the priority over music and sports, because the former is practically more helpful and beneficial. For example, by studying math, a typical academic subject, a child can acquire basic skills of coping with numbers and calculation, as well as cultivate abilities of critical thinking and reasoning. That is to say, math plays a role of doorway for children’s further education, future career and daily life. In comparison, there are very limited pragmatic effects of non-academic subjects on children’s future employment. Obviously, no matter how well a student can play

死记硬背的坏处1：这会抑制学生发展批判性思维。死记硬背的过程只是在被动，机械地进行记忆，无法深度地帮助孩子们了解问题的本质，或是创造性的思考，或是对只是进行实际地运用。 死记硬背的坏处2：这会浇灭学生的学习热情。死记硬背的过程总是无趣而单调的，学生会对学习本身失去兴趣。 死记硬背的好处1：重复记忆是学习的基础，它提供了学习所需要的基本的公理和经验。举例，学习法律课程，学生就必须首先了解和熟记大量的法律条文和案例。

How to study in a more efficient way remains a heatedly debated issue. It is quite commonplace these days for students to learn by rote, which has been widely adopted by schools. However, I believe the demerits of this tendency override the merits. Repetitive studying methods would inevitably restrain students from developing their critical thinking skills. Such process will be associated with remembering vast amount of knowledge and doing similar questions frequently, which leaves no space for deep understanding or free thinking outside of the box. As time goes by, students may be less likely to think actively and may fail to deal with new questions that are beyond the course content. Particularly for subjects such as mathematics which is largely based on logica

实践课的重要性1：实践课在我们的生活，学习和工作中都十分重要。举例，掌握计算机技能帮助学生成功就业，处理电子商务，以及在线银行业务。 理论课的重要性1：理论课是实践课的基础。举例，数学就为计算机科学提供了基本的运算方法，公式，数学模型，算法分析和测试工具。没有数学知识，人们将无法学会编程。 理论课的重要性2：理论课把学生塑造成合格的社会公民。举例，这些，历史和法律课，他们表面上看没有实用价值，但是它们教导了学生如何正确地对社会问题进行判断，如何避免过去的历史错误，以及如何辨别对错。这些指导给学生们带来一辈子的好处。

At the present time, the direction of university education has been a heated social issue in debate. Some believe its main target should be training students as technologically experienced people by teaching applicable lessons. Others, however, refute that theoretical courses should be the foundation of university. Personally, I am in favor of the latter view, and my reasons would be expounded as below. Admittedly, the importance of practical courses should never be ignored. In an information age driven by computer, basic knowledge and skills of operating computer and the Internet are universally required in most social jobs, and have been the pre-condition for job interviews. That is to say, the absence of computer teaching in school would trap graduates in the unemployment. Moreover, today, public services have fully shifted from brick-and-mortar buildings to the Internet, so it is mainly through learning

博学的好处1：帮助学生找到感兴趣的学科。青少年时期正是学生发现自我特质和特长的时期，让他们接触大量的学科是一个理想的方式来帮助他们挖掘到他们对于某一个领域的兴趣和才能。 博学的好处2：学科之间是紧密联系的，一个学科的学习往往需要来自其他学科的支持，举例，计算机科学就需要来自数学和工程学的知识。 精学的好处1：长时间关注一个学科，学生能获得对于该领域一个深度的理解，也能够更加熟练地掌握相关的技能。

It is undeniable that adolescents ought to concentrate on all school disciplines in order to give them a broad option of occupations to choose later in life. While I concur with the assertion, I believe engaging in only one domain that teenagers are adept at will be a blessing to the learner. This essay intends to explore some reasons. Most people think that it is necessary for student to learn and pass all subjects taught in school whether they like the subject or not. Often young teenagers are in the state of finding their own identity and interest. By learning all subjects in school, teenagers are exposed to different types of knowledge. For instance, biology will teach human body, geography will tell about environment, math will deal with number etc. Hence, by lear

1. 这个现象主要是基于一个社会对于性别的刻板印象，男女之间的思维模式有差别。举例，男性总是被认为在空间，数学和逻辑思维上有优势，而女性则在语言和记忆力上更出色。所以，他们都会选择那些符合自己优势的学科，这种选择能最大地发挥他们的才能，也容易有出色表现。 2. 这种选择肯定有问题。首先，肯定会有这种情况，有些男孩子在文科上有天赋，女孩子在理科上有天赋。如果他们还是按照世俗的观点来选择专业的话，他们的才能和天赋都会被浪费。

In the modern society, the public has been concerned with a trend that young men prefer science and women favor liberal arts. As far as I am concerned, this tendency lies on an old recognition about so-called intelligent distinction between genders, and the society should take immediate action against the situation of gender imbalance in subjects of school. This phenomenon stems from a traditional social stereotype that there are huge differences between genders, in terms of intelligently cognitive abilities. In centuries, it has been widely acknowledged that males have natural advantages in space, math and logic abilities while females are born with the excellence in language and memorization. These public concepts gradually become

1： 学校教育过于理论化，提供的知识太老旧，抽象，无法被适用于当前的社会工作。 2： 学习过于强调机械的记忆，而非去运用知识去建立和创造新东西。所以学习成为一个枯燥，艰苦的过程，带给学生挫败感。 3：学费太贵，大学教育迫使学生的家庭不得不花光积攒多年的辛苦存款，甚至是贷款来完成学业。然而，经济的不景气导致的就业岗位的减少让大量大学毕业生长期失业，所以他们会把大学教育职责为一种失败的投资。 4：学校的管理混乱。学校总是不断爆出负面新闻，校园暴力，不良烟酒主义的盛行，甚至是赌博和吸毒。在这样一个糟糕的环境下，学生总是被紧张，失望和危险所包围，自然地，对学校产生厌恶。

In the contemporary society, the prevalent study-weariness among youngsters after school has concerned the entire community. Generally, the rationale behind this phenomenon has much to do with the faults related to contents, approaches, management and costs of school education, as well as certain external problems like social unemployment and temptation of entertainment. I will expound these possible reasons and offer proper resolutions for reversion. Firstly, the majority of main reasons of loathing learning result from a degraded school education, which troubles youngsters day by day. For one thing, called as ivory tower, a school, no matter high school or university, is always criticized for its on-class contents provided to students. The knowledge in the teaching plan is too old and outm

1. 当然不能，学习文化可不是看看网页那么简单。举例，只有通过零距离的观察，聆听和跟当地人进行交谈，一个旅行者才能有深度地理解一个本土文化的独特性，包括了日常的习俗，社会规范，宗教禁忌，以及说话和思维的方式。这些文化元素是无法通过网络的图片和文字描述的。 2. 此外，我对于那种“网络万能”的论调深表怀疑。事实上，今天，仍然存在很多国家和地区无法被互联网所覆盖，如朝鲜，以及贫穷的非洲国家。所以，了解它们文化的方式仍然是实地旅行。 3. 然而，就仅仅了解文化的某些成分，如在博物馆的传统艺术和古董，我认为互联网已经足够强大来展现它们。举例，电脑技术，如超高像素的照片，已经能完全再现一件绘画或是雕刻的所有细节了。所以在家看互联网上的照片和视频或获得的文化体验，跟实际的观察没有多少区别。

Would the Internet substitute the practical traveling abroad, in terms of letting people learn foreign cultures? Personally, I believe this contention overestimates the function of the Internet, and my reasons will be expounded as below. The foremost reason against this assertion is that the essence of a culture is much more than simple images. In terms of helping tourists to have a deep understanding of a local culture in certain areas, the real-world international traveling, instead of the Internet, is still a primary means by which a person can immerse himself or herself in a live cultural environment to grasp the cultural cores. For example, by face-to-face interaction with local residents, including closely observing, talking, listening, a tourist can directly and practically feel every detail about local traditions, social manners and rules, the way of speaking and th

导致相似的原因： 根本的原因是深度的全球化。首先，在一个国际旅游兴盛的时代，每一个地区，尤其是那些交通枢纽中心，被要求重建基础设施来达到一个统一的国际标准。举例，为了满足外国游客的需求，酒店和购物中心总是被设计为西方风格的摩天大楼;地铁和机场和建造也总是遵守一种全球通用的外观;各种指示牌，广告牌，甚至是菜单的文字信息也总是被翻译为英文，这个国际性语言。 第二，全球性流行文化的流行。现在，全球性文化，它们非常地流行和有吸引力，和正在以一个前所未有的速度占领着每一个国家和地区的文化市场。举例，任何一个城市的任何一家电影院，几乎会在同一时间上映来自好莱坞的大片。此外，年轻人们也总是对于某些国际品牌有着相同的偏好，举例，无论是上海，东京，还是纽约的年轻人，都穿着耐克的衣服在身上，拿着苹果手机在手里。 好处：这给外来人员带来便利。举例，即使是一个对于当地文化完全陌生的国外游客，也能迅速地通过统一的符号，语言和外观找到酒店，餐厅，公交路线，医院和警察局，这让旅行变得简单，舒服和安全。还有，统一的国际标准也提升了当地的生活水平。举例，在国际标准的要求下，那些落后的，偏远的地区也会有来自政府的投资来现代化其交通，航空，医疗，邮政和网络系统，这能让当地老百姓的生活实现升级。 坏处：最大的担心是当地文化特征的消失。很明显的，这种高相似度意味着国家之间文化代沟的消失，并最终导致当地文化的衰退。举例，当英语，国际流行时装和麦当劳和摇滚乐在每一个地区的每一条大街上泛滥的时候，当地的语言，传统服装和首饰，传统食物和民歌将失去生存的机会。

Today, a high parallelism between disparate countries has been a heated social issue in debate. In my view, globalization plays a significant role, which brings more advantages than disadvantages. Firstly, the root cause of this trend is the deep globalization. Specifically, in an age of thriving international business and travelling, all countries and regions, especially the ones that are pivots of transportation, are required to rebuild their infrastructures, for the purpose of reaching so-called global standards. For example, in anywhere worldwide, hotels are designed as western-style skyscrapers; the construction of railway stations and airports always follows the international norms; information on products, indicators, billboards and even food menus are translated into English, the universally global language. Besides, the form of a global pop culture also contributes much to

国际旅游日益流行，有人认为它促进国际理解，有人认为它加剧国家之间紧张情绪。 国际旅游加剧国家之间紧张情绪： 1. 文化冲突冒犯当地人 2. 损害当地自然资源 国际旅游促进国际理解： 1. 只有亲身体验才能了解某国文化，比如许多美国年轻人要去到俄罗斯才觉得其实那里的人们并没有那么恐怖，再比如到了中国以后才发现现在中国男人已经不再是长辫中国女人也不再裹小脚。 2. 人们更加愿意了解彼此，增进理解。 国际旅游总体上还是促进国际理解，而不是加剧紧张。

International tourism is booming: millions of tourists go to foreign countries to explore the outside world. Tourism enhances the mutual understanding between the local residents and tourists. Some people refute that international tourism intensifies tensions rather than improves understanding between people from distinguishable cultures. The people holding the latter view suppose that tourists are likely to offend the local people because of the lack of knowledge of the local customs, which differ from their own. Moreover, tourism inevitably harms the natural resources and the cultural legacy, which may lead

要努力取得人和环境还有文化的统一，游客可以对当地文化和环境负责。 首先要持续教育宣传，让人们尊重文化保护环境，而不是马上判定他们不负责任。 缺乏环境保护意识并不意味着这些人没有道德观，要适当惩罚伤害环境的行为让他们有环境意识。 通过教育灌输和监管，游客可以学会尊重文化保护环境。

The harmony between human beings and the environment as well as culture should be of contradiction and unification. It is so arbitrary to say tourists are unlikely to become accountable for both the culture and the environment of they visit. First and foremost, any awareness can be transplanted into the innocent minds of most people. Whether tourists can realize the significance of preserving the resort they choose to visit completely depends on the potency of educating and campaigning. After all, no one is keen on destroying wonderful things on purpose. Nevertheless, the key point lies in the method and degree t

科技进步全球化深入，大批人为了度假或者工作到另外一个国家。有人认为外国人要入乡随俗，有些人反对。 1. 外国人不应该入乡随俗： 社会更加多元化。 应该尊重彼此文化，而不是强迫别人服从本土文化。 2. 外国人应该入乡随俗： 保留本土文化。 外国人可以更加了解当地文化。 享受其他地方享受不到的美食节日等等。 要中立地看待入乡随俗，当地人和游客都应宽容善待彼此。

With the advancement of technology and globalization, a large number of people travel to other countries either for the sake of vacations or for business trips. It is argued that the foreigners have to abide by the local customs and behaviors, to which there is an opposite view. In the essay, both sides of the situation will be fully examined. Groups of people who want to have a multi-culture society intend to welcome other cultures. Firstly, it is one of the ways to learn new traditions and customs of the other regions. Host country will be ab

题目需要两个观点都讨论，围绕文化传统的保护跟旅游业发展的关系，至少有三点可写：1.文化传统被商业化利用，是否会遭到破坏；2.保留文化传统是否就只有上述唯一途径；3.你所认为文化传统最适合的保留方式应该怎样的，旅游业跟文化传统的关系应该怎样处理。

The majority of tourism today is related to business, which makes some people fret about the preservation of cultural traditions. To propose a method to keep up traditions, the commercial application is actually not the only way to avoid destruction. There is curiosity of tourists toward ethnic customs, and desire of local inhabitants to profit, as a consequence, increasing numbers of places to visit are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. For instance, wedding ceremonies can become businesses in minority districts in Guangxi, China. With the colorful substances and unique customs, traditional culture attracts

越来越多的发展中国家扩展旅游业，是个好的趋势。 1. 旅游业可以帮助发展中国家经济发展： 中国需要外汇来现代化建设。 旅游业促进饮食业和交通业的发展。 2. 旅游业为当地居民创造就业机会： 可以售卖纪念品当地特产，减轻当地政府压力。 3. 旅游业促进国际理解和友谊： 游客会更加了解当地文化历史传统。 发展中国家发展旅游业是很重要的，它对这个国家的经济和政治成长十分有利。

Presently, there is a hot discussion about the reasons why an increasing number of developing countries expand tourist industries. As far as I am concerned, I believe that it is a positive trend. In this essay, reasons will be expounded in the following paragraphs. The first and foremost reason is that, tourism, which becomes the principal source of financial revenue in many developing countries, is financially beneficial to the economic development. For instance, China needs an increasing amount of foreign currencies for its modernization drive. Tourism is one of the most cr

减少了偏见： 1. 在国际旅行中，游客能近距离的观看国外的文化和历史，如建筑，歌剧，文学，这些让人们了解到国外文化的伟大，最终帮助他们开始欣赏和尊重文化的多样性，而不是简单的恐惧和排斥。 2. 在国际旅行中，游客能发现国外生活方式的共通性，比如美国人去俄罗斯后发现原来那边的年轻人也喜欢可口可乐，好莱坞电影，迈克尔杰克逊，这种实际的生活体验消除了过去政府强加在人们脑海中的俄罗斯是妖魔鬼怪的错误观念，最终，这种可分享的生活经验消除了人们之间的代沟，让人们彼此更亲密，更能相互理解和信任。 增加了国际紧张： 1. 在一个完全陌生的文化环境中，游客们会做出很多文化碰撞的事情，如饮食，穿着，行事风格，这些会造成当地人的误解和愤怒。 2. 游客的到来会扰乱当地人的生活，他们会带来噪音，垃圾，破坏了当地的环境和安宁。 3. 游客会带来异国的病菌和病毒，当地人的免疫系统对此毫无抵抗能力，造成疾病流行，如SARS。 4. 游客会消耗当地的自然资源，导致当地生活出问题。

In the present case, international travel is booming because of the progress of long-distance flight. Many people believe that there is a huge concern behind this global movement that tourists might trap them into bias and conflicts against destination country triggered by cultural shocks. In my opinion, this contention is indefensible; it underestimates the possibility of furthering cross-culture understanding in traveling and its consequent merits. Admittedly, there are two main reasons for supporting the argument of traveling making prejudices. Firstly, international trip puts tourists in a completely strange culture environment filled with unfamiliar and unknown local manners, lifestyles, ways of speaking and thinking or religious taboos. With the ignorance of these different cultural factors, foreign tourists are very likely to do some "misconducts" violating regional cultural regulations or concepts, which, in turn, provoke misunderstandi

不应该： 1. 文化遗产和自然景观是属于整个人类，而不仅仅是某一个群体，差异性收费是对于国外游客人权的侵害。 2. 这种歧视性的标准让千里而来的游客们感觉受到不尊重和侮辱，导致在国际社会口碑差，长期看，这些景区将流失大量的外国游客。 应该： 1. 这些文化，历史和自然景点都是当地的社会在维护和管理，这消耗了当地大众的税收和人力，所以当地居民的低票价是合理的，这是一种社会对于他们的补偿。 2. 国外游客的到来严重干扰了当地人们的生活，带来了垃圾，噪音，和文化冲突，所以他们应该多收费。 3. 很多文化景点承担着当地的宗教典礼的功能，高票价能限制国外游客的数量，有利于这些文化活动的顺利进行。

Irrefutably, with international tourism serving as the backbone of many economies of the world, there is a long-term debate about whether overseas tourists should pay more for visiting scenic spots and historical relics than local inhabitants. Publicly, some say yes and some say no. Personally, I think the higher price for foreigners is generally acceptable or even indispensable, and the supporting reasons will be expounded in the following paragraphs. The primary reason against the difference of charge lies in the fairness. After mixture over centuries, present culture elements have been the universal wealth worldwide, far beyond the borders of nations, races or politics, which means in the eyes of foreigners, charging equally is a necessity because it represents their rights to freely and fairly appreciate a common culture. A good example is the museum of Britain which deposits, depicts and displays thousands of exotic items, such as monuments from Egypt, porcelains from China and marble sculptures fr

1. 不愿意采取行动的根本原因在于这会损害他们的利益。举例，保护环境就需要减少和关闭工业，这是政府所不愿意的，因为这会减少税收和工作岗位。同样的，企业家也不愿意，因为安装环保型设备会增加生产成本。 2. 此外。老百姓同样不愿意，因为他们已经习惯了一种以环境换便利的生活方式，举例，大规模使用一次性物品，如纸杯，塑料袋等等。保护环境意味着他们不得不放弃这些便利。 3. 如何保护环境，这需要以上三方面的合作。第一，政府应该颁布反污染法律，并且严格实施;第二，企业应该升级生产设备，以达到低排放的绿色工业的标准，这意味着工业和环境保护能够共存;第三，老百姓也应该采取一种更加环保的生活方式，比如说骑车来代替开车，积极分类垃圾等等。

Why people are still reluctant to make practical actions to preserve the environment, after decades of relevant education and publication of media? I will explore the root reasons and give correspondent resolutions for this social issue in following words. The main reason why some people who superficially define themselves as environmentalists are actually unwilling to do something positive for environmental protection is that the practice is detrimental to their interests. For example, if the industry were forced to be removed or closed down to reduce the smog effects, the government would encounter a dramatic decline in the tax revenue and massive unemployment among the public. In addition, the revolution of green manufacturing is strictly refused by the majority of entrepreneurs, because the installation of advanced environmentally friendly

1. 不可否认的是，工业化是任何一个国家经济起飞的必经之路，这就会带来污染。举例，为了追求GDP，中国这个发展中国家不得不大力发展制造业，成为全球工厂，而这带来的是大量的煤尘和化学废料被从工厂中排放到空气，水体和土壤中。 2. 此外，当人们财富增多的时候，他们的消费就会增多，举例，使用汽车，冰箱，空调。而这些都是造成气候变暖的主因。 3. 然而，我始终认为人们对于生活习惯的改变能缓解一部分的环境问题。举例，骑车或是步行去上下班，放弃开车。还有，使用可重复使用的杯子和餐具，而不是一次性物品。最后，积极地进行垃圾分类。

Does the environmental pollution come with the economic development, as the speaker contends? This question has been a heated social issue in debate. In my view, industry is the prerequisite of a robust economy, so that industrial pollution is inescapable, and my reasons would be expounded as below. Undeniably, there is a universally regular pattern of economy growth that in all countries, the economy rising is always at the expense of environment, which no one can be exempt from. First, in retrospect of human history, industrialization, an essential stage in midst of economy development, is an unavoidable source of environmental pollution. For example, in order to keep a rapid growth of GDP, Chinese manufacturing industry receives all kinds of product orders worldwi

1. 无节制的伐木是根本原因之一。举例，很多地方，森林被迅速地移平来建造农场和橡胶园。结果是，野生动物的自然栖息地会被完全破坏。 2. 工业污染。大量的废水和化学废料被排放到水体和土壤里，它们会毒死很多的植物和动物，并且破坏整个生物圈。 3. 外来生物入侵。后全球化时代，大量的外来物种被带到某一个地区。它们没有天敌，而且会不断捕食当地物种，这造成了当地生物的死亡。

It is undeniable that many plants and animals species are losing their natural habitats and they are becoming extinct in nature. There are several reasons for this universal phenomenon, but measures could be taken to handle the issue. This will be proven by looking at some of the causes and effective correspondent resolutions to the problem. One of the direct causes that should be mentioned is indiscriminate logging worldwide. For example, in many countries the trees are being uprooted giving the way to large-scale farmland of rubber, coffee and tea plantations. As a result, the natural habitat of wildlife has been affected significantly by the deforestation, and has been worsened by forest fires and endangered species poaching. Secondly, many of the human ac

应该做实验： 1. 动物是唯一的可选实验体，太多的医学进步得益于动物实验。 2. 人类为了自身生存而利用动物是可以理解的，这只不过是自然选择的结果。 3. 这是一个机会成本的计算，如果仅仅是几只兔子的代价就能带来数百万人的健康和存活，这个无疑是划算的。 不应该： 1. 这是一种漠视生命的表现，不利于动物保护。 2. 有效性存疑，毕竟动物的体征和人类的有较大不同。

Animal testing has been applied as a normal procedure of scientific research for years. There are emerging criticisms claiming that the sufferings inflicted on laboratory animals are brutal. However， the advancements of sciences would be seriously hampered if stricter restrictions were imposed on animal researches. Many medications and procedures currently in use would not exist if animal testing was banned. Animal testing has assisted mankind in successfully developing vaccines and antibiotics. Life-saving techniques such as organ transplant also own thanks to animal research. Such development in science has cured people

1. 首先，我必须承认，科技的运用的确是污染源之一，所以有必要过一种远离科技的生活方式。举例，用自行车或是走路来代替汽车，这能减少尾气排放。减少对于微波炉，冰箱和空调的依赖，则温室效应就能被抑制。这些都有利于缓解环境压力。 2. 然而，科技仍然是根除污染的主要办法。事实上，无论我们如何改变生活方式，我们都无法阻止全球运输，如飞机，火车，轮船，以及卡车所产生的污染。这依赖于科技的新突破，比如说零排放的电力驱动的引擎，它能根本避免交通工具燃烧石油能源所带来的尾气。 3. 此外，工业污染也必须通过科技手段解决。比如说环保型的机器和过滤系统，以及完全的可回收材料的发明。这才能达到一个绿色工业的水平，它意味着工业和生态圈的共存。 4. 还有，一个环保生活同样离不开科技。举例，只有大规模的使用新能源技术，如太阳能，来代替烧煤炭的火电站，人们日常对于电力的生产和消耗时候才不会产生排放。

Should environmental problems triggered by technology be solved with new technological breakthroughs? This has been a heated social issue in debate. Personally, I believe that living a simpler life and continuously developing new technology should work together to settle these troubles, and my reasons will be expounded as below. On the one hand, I have to concede that the massive applications of modern facilities driven by new technologies are the root cause for environmental pollution, so that a simpler life away from technology should be encouraged. For example, using bicycle to replace private cars for daily commuting can substantially reduce the gas emission, which is a preventive way against global warming and the exploitation of fossil fuels. In addition, if we can eliminate

应该存在: 1. 确保了物种，尤其是濒危物种的生存和延续。 2. 是很好的旅游资源。 3. 让人们近距离的接触和欣赏动物，培养了大众保护动物的意识。 4. 方便动物学家进行科学观察和实验。 不应该存在： 1. 剥夺了动物的生存自由，把它们变为赚钱的工具。 2. 容易传播疾病，如禽流感。 3. 占用了大量的土地和税收资源。

Zoo is the home where different kinds of animals are kept, displayed to public, and in which they may also be bred. In the current fast changing world, for people who are pressurized everyday working at a stressful job from nine to five, leisure in the form of going to zoo can be truly appreciated. But many debates have arisen in recent years on the existence of the zoo. In fact, zoo is needed as a tourist spot in order to attract people and preserve the natural environment, as well as a conservation area in which some endangered animals are protected and bred. From an economic perspective, it is important to promote tourism and market destination, therefore z

1. 首先，考虑到很多环境问题都是跨国界的，它们的解决必须依赖于政府。举例，今天的环境问题都是没有边界的，如全球气候变暖，海洋污染，冰山融化，臭氧层漏洞，它们无法通过个人努力解决，而需要来自政府出面参加国际会议，合作，签署协议，以及颁布反污染法令。 2. 然而，个人的一点点改变仍然对于改善环境问题有贡献。举例，骑车或是步行去上下班，放弃开车。还有，使用可重复使用的杯子和餐具，而不是一次性物品。最后，积极地进行垃圾分类。

What are the responsibilities of the government and individuals on preserving the environment? Some people believe this social issue has nothing to do with single persons. Personally, I believe this contention underestimates the potentials of ordinary people in solving environmental problems, and my reasons will be expounded as below. On the one hand, in terms of the fact all major environmental problems are cross-country, the government should play a leading role in seeking global cooperation. Obviously, environmental crisis today is very extensive and boundless, like global warming, ocean pollution, iceberg melting, and ozone hole, the solution of

1. 诚然，这种限制措施侵犯了大众的权益。淡水是一种自然资源，它属于整个社会，而不是哪个公司，或是政党。所以每个人有使用淡水的自由。 2. 然而，控制个人对于淡水的使用却是非常必要的，因为淡水事关人类的生存。举例，在干旱地区，淡水资源极为稀缺，个人如果过度使用淡水的话，比如说盖个私人游泳池，则整个社区可能会面临饮用水危机。同样，老百姓过度消耗淡水的话，我们的整个农业就会因为缺乏灌溉水源而减产，这会导致饥荒。

Today, the argument about how to distribute fresh water has been a heated social issue in debate. Some insist that citizens have every right to consume it freely, while others refute that this limited and precious resource should be constrained by the government. Personally, I am in favor of the latter view, and my reasons will be expounded as below. Admittedly, the policy of limiting the use of fresh water among the public seems to violate their rights. There is no denying that as sun and air, fresh water is a public resource, because of its main source is from the nature, from rivers to lakes to rain, instead of being created by certain political party or leader. In other words, there is a justification for citizens to consume fresh water free

长途飞行的好处： 1. 降低了出行的时间成本，极大的刺激了旅游业。 2. 降低了运输的时间成本，让人们享受到低廉的来自外面的蔬菜水果和鲜花。 3. 更多的贸易会选择空运，这能快速的运输和投递货物，减少了产品的物流周期和存储时间，便于商品的流通和贩卖。 4. 身处异地的人们会更多的回家和家人相聚，这促进了亲情。 5. 让国际贸易的方方面面，如国际会议，谈判，合同签署，跨国公司的管理成为可能，而汽车则无法实现跨洲际的运输和投递。 长途飞行的坏处： 1. 增加了空气和噪音污染。 2. 长时间的飞行容易遭遇来自天气的意外影响，如飓风，雷电，暴雨，这都会造成飞机失控和坠毁，造成灾难。 3. 为了满足航空需求，大量的原始土地会被开发为机场和跑道，这导致了耕地，林地和动物栖息地的消失。 4. 飞机的燃料燃烧率很低，会浪费大量的石油能源。

Air travel, once a privilege of the wealthy, has been gaining popularity worldwide over the last few decades. The number of people traveling by air has been growing by leaps and bounds. Some environmentalists, however, propose that air travel be restrained, on the ground that it may give rise to a series of problems, including pollution and exhaustion of the world’s precious energy resources. As far as I am concerned, it does not make much sense to restrict air travel. The most important and obvious reason is that no other vehicle can travel as fast as an airplane. In other words, air travel may be the only and the easiest option when it comes to long-distance trips. For example, if a student from China

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公司应该负责： 1. 公司和工厂是最开始的污染源头，它们制造和排放了污染，这是以牺牲大众的利益，如自然环境和大众健康为代价来获利。所以它们必须对社会污染负责。 2. 只有大公司才有足够的人才，资源和设备来研发新型的环保技术和设施。 政府应该负责： 1. 政府的某些政策，如招商引资，是把那些污染企业引入当地的最根本原因。 2. 政府的过失，如监管不力和处罚过轻，是企业非法排污的原因。 3. 很多环境问题是从国外来的，很多是跨国界的，如全球气候变暖，南极冰盖融化，海洋污染和大气污染，它们的治理依赖于政府和国外政府进行沟通，合作和谈判。 个人应该负责： 1. 个人的生活同样是造成环境污染的重要原因，比如私家车，空调的使用，垃圾乱扔，所以人们也应该负责。

Pollution, ranging from black smokes in major cities to Ozone layer in Antarctic Ocean, has been confronting us. Its prevalence has also generated a controversial issue about who should pay for the debt as a result of it. It is proposed that corporations and the general public should take responsibility instead of the government. I personally concur with this contention for two reasons. The cleaning up campaign will be more thorough if individuals and businesses pay those pollution bills. As research have indicated, the majority of pollutions in the world are produced by those profit

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原因： 这些机构取名活动的目的是为了唤起大众对于一些长期深层的社会问题的关注，而这些问题是人们之前忽略的。举例，六一儿童节的目标是为了提醒大众孩子们的权利。在太多的例子中，孩子们一直受到不公正的对待，如虐待儿童，家庭暴力，以及频繁地被社会犯罪的目标。同样地，禁烟日是为了警告全社会吸烟对整个社会造成的日益增加的负面影响。 效果：这些活动取得了十分积极的效果。举例，在学校，孩子们将获得细致的指导和咨询，关于儿童法律的，这在孩子们中提高了自我保护和安全意识。还有，还有，在这天，吸烟是被全面禁止的，这意味着那些非吸烟者和孩子们能得到一个清洁的，舒适的生活环境。

Nowadays, there is a heated social tendency that many charity units tend to give a certain name to a particular day, for the purpose of publicizing their activities to the public. As far as I am concerned, the reason why they make such efforts is to make people conscious of relevant social issues, and the consequences are positive. Firstly, the main purpose of these activities is to draw the public attentions back to in-depth and lasting social problems ignored before. For example, the meaning of National children day is to lay emphasis on children’s rights. Actually, the living of children today is often troubled into an unfair treatment, like child abuse, family violence, attacks of school bullying, and a poor lifestyle like smoking, alcoholism and even crimes of teenager gangs. Similarly, the goal

1. 首先，大众应该集体承担。举例，作为几十年的纳税人，老年人有权利在退休后享受到纳税带来的好处，比如说养老金。 2. 第二，公司应该承担。举例，很多老年人疾病的根源就来自上班，比如说长时间加班导致的高血压和失眠。所以，在退休后，公司有义务来承担老年人的医疗费用，这是一种对于他们的补偿。 3. 家庭同样应该承担。举例，年轻一代的整个成长都是老年人的功劳，从提供饮食和住房到教育的费用。所以，年轻人应该在经济上回报帮助过他们的父母，比如说帮他们缴纳生活账单。

These days, one social issue about the sources of funding retired old people has been controversial. Some people believe it is a completely personal responsibility and any individual should save money for the life after retirement. Personally, I believe this contention overpasses obligations of the society, companies and families should fulfill, and my reasons will be expounded as below. The first commitment of taking care of retirees should be placed on the public. Obviously, age pensions are an essential part of social welfare which is supported by social tax revenue. So, as taxpayers who make financial contributions to public services for decades, the elders certainly have the rights to enjoy this benefit after retirement. In addition, this repayment from social revenues also represents the fairness between paying and gaining, as well as kindness and morality of our civilization. Companies are another social entity that should take a similar duty, especi

1. 老年人不受尊敬的原因之一就是，他们在一个信息化时代是一个落伍者。他们老旧的技能，过时的观念，以及对于数字技术的生疏，都让他们在工作和生活中失去价值，也很难获得来自年轻一代的认同。 2. 第二，老年人的养老金是一大笔社会财政开销，并给社会造成很大的财政税收压力。所以大众认为这样的社会制度不公平，因为老年人不干活，光拿钱，是社会的包袱。 3. 造成的影响：第一，年纪较大的员工很可能会罢工，甚至是骚乱来表达不满，这导致社会生产力下跌。第二，传统文化会衰退。因为老年人是唯一支持传统文化的人群。对于他们的不尊重很可能演变为对于传统文化的蔑视。

Currently, showing no respect to seniors has been a heated social issue in debate. I will present my own resolutions about the root reasons and social problems related to this phenomenon, in the following essay. Firstly, there are two main reasons why the elder group gradually loses respect in the society today. For one thing, in eyes of the public, especially of the youth, older people are no more valuable and knowledgeable, because their minds could not keep pace with the development of new technologies. For example, in the pre-Internet age, older people, namely treasures of knowledge and life experience, always play an important role of life consultants or wise men, and can give useful advices and instructions to youngsters. However, nowadays people have been used to using

城市化问题1：过高的人口密度会降低人们的生活质量。举例，人们不得不挤在狭小的房间中，贫民窟会增多，房租也会增多。 城市化问题2：城市的技术设施的压力会增大。举例，道路，学校和医院会拥挤不堪。 城市化问题3：犯罪会增多。举例，太多人失业了，他们会采取违法手段来谋生，这增加了偷窃，抢劫和谋杀的几率。 城市化问题4：家庭结构会被破坏。很多人去城市打工，这制造在农村的留守家庭，它们会被渐渐地抛弃，夫妻之间，父子之间的关系会恶化。

Rapid urbanization is the process of people migrating from rural areas to urban regions, which increases the scale of the cities to which they move. As far as I am concerned, this tendency goes with many risks, and correspondent resolutions will be also presented as below. There are many major problems caused by rural-to-city migration, including the decline of living conditions, infrastructure challenges, social crimes, broken family structure, and economic recession in rural places. Firstly, a higher-level population density of urban areas causes overcrowding-related social issues, for example, individuals living in small spaces with several other people, the rise of slums, and rapidly rising rents for housing. Secondly, the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas also puts a strain on a city's infrastructure. Roads and freeways become overcrowded as new construction struggles to keep up with the demand. Waiting time at emergency rooms can become a

1. 首先，从生物层面看，女性和男性有着天生不一样的特点。举例，普遍认为女性更擅长照顾家务和小孩，因为女性的性格是比较有耐心，细心，和有爱心。男性也有一些特质，他们生理上更强壮，更果断。这让男性在体力劳动，赚钱养家以及做决定上会有更好的表现。 2. 然而，这些所谓的性别差异在今天这个社会以及不入流了。举例，现在女性有着同样的受教育的权利，这以及让女性能公平的进入到职场了。而且那些杰出的女性人物，在社会各个行业，如医生，科学家，政治家，甚至是运动员，已经证明了女人足以胜任社会所有的主流岗位。此外，在所谓的“只适合女性”的职业中，如护士，服装设计师，越来越多的男性开始扮演主导作用。

Nature has blessed both men and women with individual characters, which set them apart. All these disparate traits allow them to do different tasks according to their affinities. Due to this, some people assert that it would be best for both genders to engage themselves in those tasks which suit their personalities and skill sets. However, other refute that both are equal and can do each other’s job as efficiently and effectively as they can do their own. Therefore, let us analyze the task from both perspectives in order to arrive at a proper conclusion. To begin with, it can be said that both males and females have their individual set of characteristics, which enables them to perform well in certain tasks. For example, women are considered exceptionally good at taking care of the household activities and bringing up the children, because most of the women are kind, loving and caring by nature. Similarly, men also have some special traits attac

1. 首先，就业是每一个社会公民的基本权利，和多大年纪无关。如果老年人因为年龄大而被公司拒之门外的话，他们一定会感觉受到歧视，他们会引发社会冲突和抗议。 2. 第二，拒绝老年人对于公司发展也不见得明智。老年人有着就业优势，经验足，技术好，有着广阔的人脉，而且思考全面，这意味着他们能给公司的生产力和管理带来贡献。 3. 然而，老年人最大的问题在于健康。举例，老年人必须经常请假和缺席，为的是去医院看医生。在巨大工作压力下，老年人更可能爆发突发性疾病，如心脏病，这会给整个工作环境带来混乱。

At the present time, governments in many countries take a policy that forbids companies to refuse the job applications of seniors. Personally, I think this strategy is beneficial for both the society and the elderly themselves, and my reasons would be expounded in the following paragraphs. The first reason of approving of this policy is that the rejection of companies based on the age of job applicants obviously violates the right of citizens. In fact, jobs which are defined as social resources should be fairly open to all individuals, regardless of age. If the age becomes an excuse that keeps people from participating in work, people who are competent in working but not involved in

大型超市为顾客创造了一个安逸的购物环境。 1. 一般地说，城外超市的第一大特点就是大规模的布局，和宽敞的，开放式的空间，在其中，人们能自由地，舒心地挑选和搬运货物，而不用担心混乱的人群(huddle)，狭窄的国道和收银台的长队。 2. 除此之外，大型超市提供了各种各样的商品，从日用品到衣服，从家电到奢侈品，这种高度的集中化带给顾客一种"All in One"的购物体验，即"all goods in one trip"，提高了购物的效率。 第一个直接的问题就是私家车使用的增多。城外的大超市让大众不得不频繁地驾驶私家车往返于连接市区和市外的高速公路。这种趋势带来和明显的风险，如市区出口的大塞车，长期疲劳驾驶(过度驾驶)导致的车祸，和一个大面积的尾气排放，它们都严重地威胁到了人们的健康和安全。 2. 另外一个无法忽略的缺点就是，这种商店和市区的分离会带来购物上的不便。一旦城里的商店被城外的大型超市所取代，市区的人们不得不花费额外的数小时在高速公路的驾驶上来去大超市，仅仅是为了一点点的食物和日用品。结果是，它大大降低了市区居民的幸福指数。

In the current society, the substitution of small stores in towns with out-of-town hypermarkets has been a heated social issue in debate. Some people have a huge concern with this tendency because it might increase the use of cars. Personally, I partially concur with this contention, and my reasons will be presented in the following paragraphs. Admittedly, this shift of shopping location can be very beneficial, for the reasons that it creates a wonderful environment for customers. Firstly, one main feature of supermalls out of town is a large-sized layout and an extensively open space. In this circumstance, shoppers can embrace high-level freedom and comfort in terms of goods selecting and conveying, with no concern of the huddle in passageway or long queue in front of cashier’s desks. Besides, compared to a small in-town store with limited category of goods, an out-of-town hypermarket is characterized

养老院的好处1：年轻一代太忙了，让他们照顾老人不现实，所以跟年轻人一起住，老人们肯定无法得到很好的照顾。而养老院不同，它们能提供健康规律的食品，全天候的护理，以及各种娱乐设施，这些绝对让老头们乐不思蜀。 养老院的好处2：老人们能在这里找到同年龄的玩伴，这让他们不孤单。 养老院的好处3：在养老院也能避免家庭冲突。举例，年轻人和老年人的生活方式是不一样的，甚至是对立的。年轻人喜欢热闹和刺激，老年人喜欢安静，如果生活在一起，肯定会有不愉快和冲突出现。

In the present society, we have stepped into an aging society. Many countries and governments are much more concerned about the situation confronting us, especially how can seniors be able to lead a happy life. Under this circumstance, many geracomiums spring up like mushrooms with the view to furnishing the elderly a better place to settle down. Personally, I think this is a wise practice to resolve the aging issue. The first reason of approving of retirement homes is about the time shortage of young people. In a fast-paced society with fierce competition, young people always devote themse

自行车的优点： 1. 绿色环保，没有排放。 2. 体积小，便于停车，也能有效克服堵塞。 3. 便宜，没有燃料和维修成本，节约开销。 4. 全身运动，构建健康的生活方式。 5. 把人们从狭窄的室内和车内空间中释放出来，接触新鲜空气，有助于缓解压力。 自行车的局限： 1. 无法承担远距离的运输。 2. 过于耗费体力，影响工作状态。 3. 不够安全，出事故时骑车人会受重伤。 4. 无法抵御恶劣天气，下雨，刮风，都会给骑车人带来影响。 5. 过于随意和休闲，无法在正式的，严肃的场合承担接待客人的角色，如外交和业务谈判中。

Bicycle, the most significant transportation means before the creation of automobiles, plays a paramount role in human civilization and social progress. Some people predict that bicycle will vanish from people’s life in the near future. As far as I am concerned, bicycle brings a lot of merits to the community. Firstly, bicycle is still used as an important transportation tool in the modern society, because it is amiable environmentally. Air pollution is an acute problem confronting scientists and environmentalists. Compared with cars and other f

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好处： 1. 能直接提供大量的就业机会，也增加了当地政府的税收。 2. 带来先进的技术，设备，管理经验，这有助于当地落后的工业进行革新。 3. 外交层面，跨国公司把数个国家的利益绑到一起，鼓励各国政府进行积极地合作和对话，这增加了国际的友谊和信任。 坏处： 1. 导致行业竞争，先进的跨国公司会迅速占领和垄断本国市场，如日本丰田公司，它制造的私家车让中国本土的汽车品牌一个个的倒下，最终让整个本土汽车工业死亡。 2. 由于不是自己的土地，国外的工厂根本不会在意所谓的可持续生产。它们会肆意的浪费本土的资源，淡水，能源，以及非法排放各种工业垃圾和污染，这给当地生态造成无法逆转的危害。 3. 一旦国外企业垄断市场，国家战略安全就会受到威胁。还记得美国的”棱镜门“不?，美国情报部门通过跨国公司的产品和服务来窃取其他国家的信息。

In order to let capital flow in, the door must be open. There is an increased consciousness among developing countries that they cannot fulfill their expected economic potentials without attracting equity along with management assistance from large transnational enterprises. On the contrary, to rule foreign offices and factories out is to deny the opportunity to court international money which can help plant entrepreneurial seeds for the local economy prosperity For a developing country, little choice is seen but foreign capitals. Over the past decades many developing countries have sought outside investments in what is called a win-win game benefitting foreign companies as well. The trend of such bilateral cooperation has become even more obvious in a world of globalization. Plenty of economic fruits are being shared by investing companies and local industries alike, and this can be proved by such su

原因1：富人有钱把孩子们送入一流的大学，获取一流的教育和学位，这对于找到一份体面的，收入较高的工作是关键;而穷人的孩子则只能早早的就辍学打工，这意味着他们永远无法获得事业上的升迁和成功。 原因2：富人有着资本优势，他们可以通过投资来扩大自己的生意，而穷人则必须把所有的钱都花在生活开销上，缺乏足够的资金来开启自己的生意。 如何消除贫富差距：政府应该增加教育预算，让更多的处在贫困之中的孩子们有机会来获得教育。同时，政府也应该增加对于社会医疗和福利的投入，比如说建立更多的医院和住房，这能让穷人们过上稳定的生活。

Economic inequality is the root of social turmoil and turbulence. In many parts of the world the gap between the rich and the poor is widened. The following paragraphs intend to explore the reasons and suggest ways to tackle this problem. While education has becoming an almost decisive factor in job hunting, the rich are able to send their children to study in good university. Moreover, they tend to send the children to study abroad while that the poor have to depend on work experiences or study from local universities. In turn, it is undeniable that in today's world, most company still prefer to hire an overseas graduate. Therefore, the poor would only have a slight chance. Apart from that, in term of business, it is the rich that have the ample funds to expand their

应该禁止: 1. 很危险，容易导致伤残甚至死亡，给自己及其家庭带来一辈子的痛苦。 2. 救援登山者浪费了不必要的社会资源，如搜救队，医疗。 不应该禁止： 1. 极限运动培养了玩家更好的体质和免疫系统。 2. 它培养了玩家的精神力。 3. 它是绝佳的放松方式。 4. 它培养了某些实际求生技能，如攀爬和格斗。

Such is a human nature to explore and experience the unknown. A trend is that numerous people are fond of embarking on challenging sports events, such as mountain biking, rock climbing and scuba diving, especially among the dynamic young adults. Those who pursue excitement and the sense of refreshment in the dull routine daily life claim that life without risk is no life at all. Indeed, a great many benefits could be gained via taking up those risky or demanding sports activities. Initially, the extreme adventures are a sort of effective way to help players relieve the strain and relax the mood, because the busy modern life often deprive one’s right of relaxing. The

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