雅思说明文范文

高分说明文核心标准
一篇高分Task 1的核心在于：

概述精炼：用1-2句话点明核心趋势与最显著特征。

数据分组：逻辑清晰地组织信息，而非罗列数据。

客观描述：使用客观、准确的学术语言，避免主观评价。

语言多样：灵活运用同义词、不同句式及语法结构。

? 原创满分范文示例（动态柱状图）
题目：
The chart below shows the percentage of the population in four Asian countries living in cities from 1970 to 2020, with predictions for 2030 and 2040.
*(数据假设：菲律宾, 马来西亚, 泰国, 印度尼西亚的城市化率在1970-2020年间均持续增长，其中马来西亚起点和终点最高，印尼最低；预测线显示204年马来西亚将接近90%，印尼将达65%左右。)*

范文：

Introduction (引言：精准改写)
The bar chart illustrates the urbanisation rates in four Southeast Asian nations—the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia—over a fifty-year period from 1970 to 2020, and also provides projections for the years 2030 and 2040.

*【解析】**：1:1改写题目。用illustrates、urbanisation rates、nations、provides projections for等词进行同义替换，并明确数据范围。

Overview (概述：核心趋势)
Overall, all four countries experienced a sustained increase in the proportion of urban dwellers throughout the displayed period, and this upward trajectory is expected to continue into the future. Notably, Malaysia consistently reported the highest urbanisation levels, whereas Indonesia remained the least urbanised.

*【解析】：得分关键段落。第一句总结所有国家的共同核心趋势（持续增长且未来将继续）。第二句指出最突出的对比特征（最高与最低的国家）。完全不包含具体数据**。

Body Paragraph 1 (主体段1：描述历史数据与对比)
In 1970, Malaysia had the highest urban population, at just under 30%, compared to approximately 15% in Indonesia, the lowest among the four. Over the next five decades, all countries witnessed significant growth. By 2020, Malaysia’s rate had soared to around 75%, followed by the Philippines at about 50%. Thailand and Indonesia showed similar figures, at roughly 45% and 35% respectively, maintaining their relative positions.

*【解析】：逻辑清晰的数据分组。本段专注于历史数据**。以1970年的起点的对比切入，描述整体增长，最后聚焦2020年的终点数据并再次对比。使用compared to、followed by、maintaining their relative positions等实现有效对比。

Body Paragraph 2 (主体段2：描述未来预测与总结)
Looking ahead, the projections indicate that these trends will persist. Malaysia’s urban population is forecast to approach 90% by 2040, solidifying its leading position. The Philippines and Thailand are predicted to reach about 65% and 60% respectively, while Indonesia, despite its steady growth, is anticipated to remain at the bottom, with just over half of its population living in cities by the final year.

*【解析】：逻辑递进。本段专注未来预测**。使用Looking ahead自然过渡。继续沿用对比逻辑，描述各国预测值，并再次强调马来西亚最高和印尼最低的对比关系，与概述段完美呼应，形成闭环。

? 您的“说明文生成系统”
请将以下框架用于任何图表题，自主生成高分作文：

第一步：2分钟审图规划

确定时态：根据图表时间决定主时态（过去、现在完成、将来）。

提炼两大核心特征：

特征一（总体）：所有数据的共同趋势是什么？（如：全部上升、全部波动、有升有降）

特征二（细节）：最显著的对比或例外是什么？（如：某项目始终最高、某阶段变化最快）

规划数据分组：如何将数据分成2-3个逻辑组？（常见分组法：按趋势分组、按类别分组、按时间段分组）

第二步：功能性语言库（按需取用）

功能    核心词汇与短语
描述趋势    Show an upward/downward trend, demonstrate a pattern of growth/decline, remain stable/fluctuate
描述幅度    Dramatically/Sharply/Significantly (increase); Gradually/Moderately/Slightly (rise); A modest/marginal change
进行对比    In contrast, / Conversely, / By comparison, / Whereas, / While...
表示预测    Is projected/forecast/predicted to, is expected to, is likely to
表达数据    Account for, represent, constitute, stand at, reach a peak of, hit a low of
第三步：高分句式炼成室
避免The number increased的单一句式。

主语替换：There was a significant increase in the number.

分词结构：Starting at X, the figure climbed to Y.

并列对比：The rate for A rose to X, while that for B fell to Y.

定语从句：The period saw a growth, which was followed by a period of stability.

第四步：自我评估清单
完成写作后，依次核对：

概述段是否包含两大核心特征，且无具体数据？

主体段是否按逻辑分组描述，并突出关键数据（如起点、终点、峰值、交点）？

时态（尤其过去与将来预测）是否100%准确？

衔接词是否自然，逻辑是否流畅？

词汇与句式是否有至少3处有效变化？

通过掌握这个系统，您将获得自主生成高分说明文的能力，这比记忆任何单篇范文都更有效。如果您有具体的图表题目（线图、饼图、流程等）需要分析，请随时提供，我们可以进行实战演练。