雅思地图范文

第一部分：地图题核心写作步骤
在写任何地图题之前，请遵循以下三步：

读图与比较（最重要！）：

确定是“历史变迁图”还是“选址规划图”。

找出不变的参照物：如主干道（main road）、河流（river）、入口（entrance）等。这是你描述位置的“坐标轴”。

系统性地比较变化：不要东一句西一句。建议按方位（北/南/东/西）或区域（从中心到四周，从左到右）逐一描述。

分类变化类型：

新建（was built/constructed/added）

拆除（was demolished/removed/knocked down）

扩建（was extended/enlarged）

缩小（was reduced in size）

搬迁（was relocated to...）

替换（was replaced by/substituted with...）

规划段落：

引言段：改写题目，说明地图展示了某地在两个时间点的变化。

概览段（Overview）：必须写！ 用1-2句话概括最显著、最整体的变化（如：从农业为主变为完全住宅区；设施数量显著增加；布局从分散变为集中等）。

主体段 1：详细描述一个区域或一类变化。

主体段 2：详细描述另一个区域或另一类变化。

写作与检查：

使用丰富的方位词和存在句式。

检查时态：过去地图用过去时，现在/未来地图用现在/将来时。

检查介词：in the north of, to the north of, on the northern side of 的区别。

第二部分：经典地图题范文及精析
题目： The maps below show the changes that occurred in a town called Harborne between 1936 and 2007.

（假设地图显示：1936年，城镇中心有少量商店和住房，北部有大片农田，西南角有一片树林，一条河流穿过东部。2007年，农田消失，变成密集的住宅区；树林被一个高尔夫球场取代；城镇中心扩建，增加了停车场和环形交通岛；河流上新建了一座桥。）

范文
The two maps illustrate how the town of Harborne transformed over a period of 71 years, from 1936 to 2007.

Overall, the town underwent significant development, evolving from a predominantly rural settlement into a much more built-up residential area. The most notable changes were the complete disappearance of farmland and the expansion of housing and recreational facilities.

In 1936, the town centre comprised a small cluster of shops and houses situated along a main road. To the north of this centre lay extensive farmland, while a sizeable woodland area occupied the southwestern corner. A river flowed from west to east on the eastern side of the town, with no bridge depicted.

By 2007, the landscape had been radically altered. The farmland in the north was entirely replaced by a dense network of residential housing. Similarly, the woodland in the southwest was removed to make way for a golf course. The town centre itself was expanded and modernized; a car park was constructed behind the shops, and a roundabout was added at a major junction to manage increased traffic. Furthermore, a bridge was built across the river in the east, improving connectivity.

(Word count: 172)

范文精析
引言段：经典改写。show the changes → illustrate how the town transformed。

概览段：

第一句概括本质变化：from a predominantly rural settlement into a much more built-up residential area。

第二句指出最突出变化：the complete disappearance of... and the expansion of...。直接命中要害。

主体段：

结构清晰：第三段集中描述1936年的初始状态，按方位（中心→北→西南→东）系统描述。第四段集中描述2007年的变化结果，与第三段顺序呼应。

变化连接：使用 was entirely replaced by, was removed to make way for, was expanded and modernized 等准确动词。

方位词精准：to the north of, in the southwestern corner, on the eastern side, behind the shops, at a major junction。

语言：使用了 comprised, situated along, lay, occupied 等替换 there was 的高级词汇。

第三部分：地图题高分句型模板库
1. 引言段句型（改写题目）
The two maps depict the development of... from... to...

The diagrams illustrate the changes that took place in... over a...-year period.

The maps compare the layout of... as it was in... and as it is planned for...

2. 概览段句型（总结最大变化）
Overall, the area witnessed dramatic transformations, with the most striking being...

In general, the site evolved from a... into a...

The most significant changes are the addition of... and the removal of...

It is clear that the infrastructure became far more developed, while the green spaces were reduced.

3. 描述位置/方位
基本方位：in the north/south/east/west, to the north of A (在A的外部北边), in the northern part of A (在A的内部北部), on the northern side of the road。

相对位置：

adjacent to / next to / alongside

opposite / facing / across the road from

in the centre / middle of

at the top/bottom of the map

in the corner (northwest corner)

surrounded by / encircled by

running through / from east to west

4. 描述变化（核心动词短语）
新建：A new + N + was constructed/built/established/added in [位置]。

拆除：The original + N + was demolished/knocked down/removed。

替换：The + N + was replaced by/substituted with + [新事物]。

扩建/缩小：The + N + was extended/enlarged/reduced in size。

搬迁：The + N + was relocated to/moved to [新位置]。

保持原状：The + N + remained unchanged/was left untouched。

5. 描述设施/区域
a residential area/housing estate

a commercial district/shopping centre

recreational facilities (e.g., park, golf course)

agricultural land/farmland

woodland/forest area

pedestrian zone/pavement

roundabout/traffic lights/junction

car park/parking lot

第四部分：常见错误与避坑指南
缺少概览段：这是很多考生丢分的主要原因。一定要在引言段后，用独立的段落写出2个主要变化。

时态混乱：描述过去的地图（如1990年）用一般过去时；描述现在或未来规划的地图用一般现在时或将来时。

方位词使用错误：严格区分 in, to, on。in 表示在内部，to 表示在外部，on 表示接壤。

流水账式描述：避免“这里有个A，那里有个B”的静态描述。地图题的核心是对比，要突出“以前是什么，现在变成了什么”。

过度想象：只描述图上可见的信息。不要推断原因（如“因为人口增长所以建了房子”）。

最后建议：找5-8道不同的地图题真题，按照上述步骤和句型进行练习。先分析，再动笔，写完对比范文。你会发现，地图题其实是套路最清晰、最容易速成的小作文题型。

祝你备考顺利！