雅思范文里的定语从句怎么记

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摘要:雅思范文里的定语从句怎么记

第一步:先理解核心逻辑(这是最重要的)
定语从句的本质就一句话:用一个句子,给名词(人或物)补充信息,让它更具体。

中文里我们说:“那个昨天帮我的人”, “那个”后面的部分就是对“人”的补充说明。英文里,就是把“那个”换成 which, that, who, where, when 等关系词,然后把说明部分放在名词后面。

你想说:城市很吸引人。 → The city is attractive.

但“城市”很模糊,你赶紧补充:我长大的城市很吸引人。 → The city where I grew up is attractive. (where I grew up 就是修饰 city 的定语从句)

核心公式:主句 + 关系词 + 从句(补充说明)

第二步:按功能分类记忆,而不是背单个句子
将定语从句按其在议论文中扮演的角色分类,这样你一遇到某个写作任务,就能立刻“调取”相应的句型。

1. 定义与分类类(用于引出核心概念)
这是最常用、最高频的一类,让你的论述对象清晰无误。

... which/that + be动词 + 名词/形容词

Globalization, which is the process of international integration, has profoundly influenced local cultures. (定义)
People who are environmentally conscious tend to support green policies. (分类)

2. 揭示因果与影响类(用于论证主体段落)
用定语从句将原因、结果巧妙地“粘”在观点上,逻辑紧密。

... which/that + 导致/造成/促进/阻碍等动词

Governments should invest in public transport, which can significantly reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. (揭示正面影响)
Students face immense pressure that stems from the highly competitive job market. (揭示原因)

3. 提供具体例证类(用于支撑论点)
把例子“打包”成从句,让句子更简洁、高级。

..., such as A, which ... / ... like B, who ...

Many countries, such as Denmark and Sweden, which have robust welfare systems, report higher levels of public happiness.
Successful entrepreneurs like Elon Musk, who embrace failure as a lesson, inspire many young people.

4. 表达让步与对比类(用于展现思辨性)
这是高分关键,能展示你全面看问题的能力。

..., which may seem ... but actually ...

Online learning, which offers unparalleled flexibility, may lack the interpersonal interaction that traditional classrooms provide. (对比双方特点)
Fast food, which is often criticized for being unhealthy, remains popular because of its convenience and affordability. (让步承认缺点)

第三步:动手建立你的“句型工具箱”
找一个小本子或电子文档,按上面四个类别,整理你从范文中看到的地道句型。每次整理时,问自己三个问题:

这个从句修饰的是哪个名词?(找到先行词)

它起到了上面四种功能里的哪一种?(明确用途)

如果我想表达类似意思,能模仿这个结构造句吗?(主动输出)

例如,你看到这个句子:

“Social media platforms, which enable instant communication across the globe, have also given rise to issues like cyberbullying and misinformation.”

你的笔记可以这样写:

功能: 分类 + 对比 (先肯定一个特点,再引出问题)

结构: [核心名词], which [正面特点], have also [负面结果].

我的仿写: “Remote work, which offers employees greater freedom and flexibility, may lead to feelings of isolation and blurred work-life boundaries.”

第四步:刻意练习与升级
句子合并练习: 将两个简单句用定语从句合并成一个复杂句。

简单句1: Technology is advancing rapidly.

简单句2: This advancement brings both opportunities and challenges.

合并:The rapid advancement of technology, which is happening at an unprecedented pace, brings both opportunities and challenges.

段落改写练习: 找一段自己写过的文章,刻意加入1-2个定语从句,使其更紧凑、逻辑更清晰。

关系词选择小窍门:

人用 who/whom/whose

物/事用 which/that

时间用 when

地点用 where

原因用 why

高频实用句型库(可以直接“套用”的骨架)
引出话题:... is a phenomenon that has sparked widespread debate.

强调重要性:... is a key factor that determines/can influence ...

指出问题:... face the challenge of ..., which requires immediate attention.

提出解决方案:One effective measure, which has been adopted by many governments, is to ...

最后的重要提醒
准确性第一: 确保从句的动词和关系代词与先行词在单复数上一致。

避免过度使用: 一篇文章中,3-5个高质量、功能各异的定语从句足矣。太多会显得冗长。

背诵不是终点: 理解结构后,用自己的话题和词汇去填充、创造,才是真正的掌握。

总结一下:不要再孤立地背诵范文中的整个句子。 而是解构它——分析从句的功能和结构,分类它——放进你的工具箱,模仿它——用自己的内容去套用这个结构。通过这种方式,定语从句会从“记忆负担”变成你得心应手的“表达武器”。

祝你学习顺利,在考场上文思泉涌!

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