在雅思写作的图表概括部分,精准理解图表信息并清晰准确地呈现是关键。无论是柱状图、折线图、饼图还是表格等多种形式的图表,都有一些共同遵循的要点。
对于柱状图,通常从对比不同类别柱子的高度来突出数据差异。先整体描述柱子体现的大致趋势,比如整体是上升、下降,还是存在波动。接着按照类别有序描述,举例时可选取数据突出的类别。
例如:“The bar chart compares the sales volume of five different products in a supermarket over a period of one year. Overall, product A shows the highest sales figure throughout most of the time, while product E has the lowest. In the first quarter, product A sold approximately 500 units, which was significantly higher than the less than 200 units of product E. As time progressed, the sales of product C gradually increased from around 300 units to nearly 400 units by the end of the year.”
折线图关键在于把握数据的趋势变化和转折点。起始句可概括整体趋势,例如 “Over the given period, the line graph shows that the number of tourists visiting the city generally witnessed an upward trend with several fluctuations.” 接着按时间顺序描述各个关键转折点数据以及相应期间变化情况。 “From 2010 to 2012, the number of tourists rose steadily from 100,000 to 150,000. Then, there was a sharp decline during 2012 - 2013 when it dropped to 120,000 due to certain events. After 2013, the figure started to climb again and reached a peak of 200,000 in 2018.”
饼图侧重描述各部分占整体的比例关系。开篇点明饼图主题, “The pie chart illustrates the proportion of different types of energy consumption in a country.” 然后按比例从大到小或其他合理顺序描述各部分占比情况。 “Renewable energy accounts for the largest share, around 40%, followed by coal with 30%. Natural gas and oil together make up the remaining 30%”
表格数据较为繁杂,描述前要明确横纵列数据代表的意义以及整体关系。先把握表格特点,例如 “The table provides information about the academic achievements of students from three different schools in terms of average GPA, graduation rate, and passing rate of major courses.” 之后选择显著的行或列数据进行举例描述, “School A has the highest average GPA of 3.8, while School C has a relatively lower average GPA of 3.2. In terms of graduation rate, School B shows the highest percentage, reaching 95%.”
针对组合图,先分别确定每个图表反映的核心内容是什么,然后找出两者之间存在的关联进行综合描述。比如一个柱状图和一个折线图组合,柱状图展示不同地区人口数量,折线图展示该地区生产总值变化。描述时需注意两者关联, “The bar chart presents the population in four different regions, and the line graph shows the corresponding GDP growth rate. It can be observed that Region C, which has the largest population, also shows a relatively high GDP growth rate over the years.”
在拿到题目看到图表后,花 1 - 2 分钟认真审题,明确图表主题、时间范围以及单位等关键信息。随后仔细分析图表数据,找出前文提到的关键数据节点和整体特征等。
开头部分按前文模板明确描述图表类型和主题相关内容。主体部分根据图表类型选择合适描述方式,合理组织句子将关键数据和趋势准确呈现 。结尾总结图表主要信息和趋势,但不添加新内容 。
根据框架进行写作,注意书写清晰、语法正确、运用多样句式以及丰富词汇。完成初稿后,快速检查拼写错误、语法错误以及数据引用是否准确等问题,避免不必要失分。
在选取和记录数据时容易粗心出错。为避免此类错误,审题和分析图表时可拿笔标记关键数据,引用数据时再次核对确保准确。
有些考生会走入两个极端,要么过于详细罗列大量数据,要么太过简略导致信息不全。解决方法是学习合理筛选关键数据,把握描述的度,以能清晰客观传递图表核心信息为目标。
基础语法和拼写错误会影响成绩。平时要加强语法知识学习,多阅读优秀范文提高语言敏感性,写作完成后仔细检查纠正错误。
表现为句子及段落间逻辑混乱。可加强连接词、过渡语的使用练习,写作前拟定简单提纲规划好每个部分内容和逻辑顺序。
总之,雅思写作图表概括需要考生通过大量练习熟练掌握不同类型图表的描述方法和要点,精心规避常见错误,从而在考试中拿到理想分数 。