【备考每日练】GRE阅读题之美国社会的困境

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Cash-strapped American cities are finding it harder tomaintain social services that their citizens and civicleaders alike once took for granted. Populationexplosions, compounded by the flight of affluenttaxpayers to the suburbs, have drained urbanresources and forced many cities to make difficult,often painful, choices. Public hospitals, boons to thepoor and still a distinguishing feature of the American medical industry, are among thoseinstitutions under threat of the budgetary ax. Hospitals are as expensive to run as medical careis costly to the consumer. The return of tuberculosis and the spread of newer epidemicsamong urban populations have pushed hospital resources to their limits. Many in governmentare looking to another American institution, the free-enterprise system, for succor. Theprivatization of public hospitals is becoming a popular alternative to propping up strugglingtaxpayer-supported hospitals.

Public hospitals are not, however, the only urban institutions under fire. Schools---long thetargets of criticism and in palpable decline in most American cities---also drain as much as abillion dollars from municipal treasuries nationwide. Complete privatization of schools is probablynot on the horizon, as public schools have been a part of American life since colonial times, butmany different uses of government education resources are under serious consideration. Thefirst is school autonomy, which consists of breaking the links within school systems andpermitting individual schools to draw up their own budgets. Another solution is the so-calledvoucher system. Under a voucher system, cities would provide tuition credit to individualstudents, who would then attend whichever school they wished, public or private. Presumably,better schools would receive more applicants, making public schools as competitive as privateschools are today.

While privatization has succeeded in the manufacturing sector, many critics point out that whileprivatizing a phone company may produce dramatic financial benefits, doing the same withhospitals or schools may hurt more people than it helps. They worry that the poor anduninsured will no longer have a reliable source of health care as private hospitals turn awaythose who cannot pay. Parents worry that their children may not gain acceptance to selectiveprivate schools and be shunted into substandard programs. Advocates respond to suchcriticism by pointing out that an efficient, private hospital or school would eventually havesufficient resources to accommodate even the neediest customers.

1. According to the passage, which of the following has contributed to the decline ofpublic hospitals?

A.The emergence of serious, widespread disease

B.The unwillingness of governments to expand their health care budgets

C.Taxpayer objections to skyrocketing health-care costs

D.The increase in private hospitals

E.An increase in the population of affluent citizens

2. According to the passage, all of the following are arguments in favor of theprivatization of hospitals and schools EXCEPT

A.the expense involved in transforming private institutions to public institutions

B.the belief that privatization fosters competition

C.the expense to taxpayers that public institutions present

D.the benefits that the poor would derive from efficient private institutions

E.the success of privatization in other public services such as public utilities

3. Select the sentence in the second paragraph in which the author cautions against anunlikely result.

正确答案

1. A

2. A

3. Complete privatization of schoolsis probably not on the horizon, as public schoolshave been a part of American life since colonialtimes, but many different uses of governmenteducation resources are under serious consideration.

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