【难词精析】GRE词汇Lookism详解

小站整理2014-10-13 11:17:43

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摘要：爱美之心人皆有之，男人爱看美女，女人爱看俊男。自女权运动的高涨后，带来的不仅仅是男女平权，某些观念也被扭转和颠覆了。以往，好色的都是男性，男人喜欢对女人的外貌品头论足。而现在，女人不再只是被看的对象，她们也开始大张旗鼓地爱好起了“男色”，由此衍生出“外貌主义”。外貌主义的人是宁缺毋滥，对另一半的要求高而已。

据说这几年每到毕业生求职的季节，美容院的生意都出奇地好。天生丽质似乎已经成了一个隐性的优势，随之而来的可能就是好工作、好生活、好前途。虽然大家都说不会以貌取人，可有几个真正能做到呢?Lookism 其实已经存在很久很久了，只是我们已经对它太习以为常了，以至于都没有人愿意花时间去研究它。

Lookism is discrimination against or prejudice towards others based on their appearance. The term is not in widespread use, though it appears in major English language dictionaries.

外貌主义指根据外貌对别人产生歧视或偏见。虽然这个说法在主要的英语字典中都有收录，但并未得到广泛应用。

For example：

Lookism, or judging people on their physical looks, is a rampant problem in the workplace and indeed everywhere we go.

外貌主义，或以貌取人，是在职场和我们能到的任何地方都很猖獗的一个问题。

Lookism has received scholarly attention both from a cultural studies and an economics perspective. In the former context, lookism relates to preconceived notions of beauty and cultural stereotyping based on appearance as well as gender roles and expectations. Important economic considerations include the question of income gaps based on looks, as well increased or decreased productivity from workers considered beautiful or ugly by their co-workers.

外貌主义已经在文化研究和经济学领域引起学术性关注。在文化研究领域，外貌主义与“美丽”固有的概念和根据外貌而形成的文化传统，以及性别角色和期待等都有关联。经济方面关于外貌主义比较重要的问题有：外貌导致的收入差距问题，还有因为被同事评价为“美”或“丑”而导致员工生产力提高或下降的现象。

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