【高分必备】GRE词汇之ETS钟爱的那些主义大汇总

小站整理2014-06-18 15:31:18

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摘要：GRE 阅读中常常会出现一些考生们前所未闻的学术词汇，这一类中最常见的就是表示各种理论或主义的词汇，因为这些词常常以 -ism 结尾，我们不妨就称之为-ism词。这部分词并不需要考生掌握，但是如果你恰巧在阅读中认出了它，相信对文章的理解是有百利而无一害的。为此，小站教育汇总了这部分-ism词，并分享给给位备考 GRE 的同学们。

由于 GRE 考试中大多数阅读文章的相关内容都是学术性文章，其中经常可见各种主理论或者主义 (-ism)。而这些内容绝大多数情况下，即使联系上下文，也未必容易准确的猜测出其具体含义。虽然这并不一定会影响答题，但是如果能够在开始就辨识出这类单词，一定会对文章理解的程度、阅读速度、文章主题判断等方面大有帮助。

为此，小站教育将这些-ism的单词整理起来，分期分批慢慢分享给大家。对于这部分词汇，不需要背诵，所以希望同学们当做科普小知识一样，多做了解。如果对某些理论或者主义感兴趣，不妨顺便看看相关的英语阅读材料，也不失为一种锻炼 GRE 学术性阅读的好方法。

absolutism	doctrine of government by a single absolute ruler; autocracy	绝对主义；专制主义
absurdism	doctrine that we live in an irrational universe	荒诞主义
academicism	doctrine that nothing can be known	形式主义
accidentalism	theory that events do not have causes	偶然主义
acosmism	disbelief in existence of eternal universe distinct from God	无宇宙论
adamitism	nakedness for religious reasons	宗教裸露派
adevism	denial of gods of mythology and legend	无神论
adiaphorism	doctrine of theological indifference or latitudinarianism	不置可否论
adoptionism	belief that Christ was the adopted and not natural son of God	嗣子论
aestheticism	doctrine that beauty is central to other moral principles	唯美主义
agapism	ethics of love	泛爱主义
agathism	belief in ultimate triumph of good despite evil means	善学论
agnosticism	doctrine that we can know nothing beyond material phenomena	不可知论；存疑主义
anarchism	doctrine that all governments should be abolished	无政府主义
animism	attribution of soul to inanimate objects	泛灵论
annihilationism	doctrine that the wicked are utterly destroyed after death	灵魂寂灭论
anthropomorphism	attribution of human qualities to non-human things	拟人论
anthropotheism	belief that gods are only deified men	人神一体说
antidisestablish- mentarianism	doctrine opposed to removing Church of England's official religion status	反对解散国教主义
antilapsarianism	denial of doctrine of the fall of humanity	反预定论