三步攻克托福阅读推理题

小站整理2018-04-19 13:32:35

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摘要：推理题的解题思路主要有如下三步：审题分析题干关键信息用以确定原文考点句；定位缩小出题范围；分析选项并确定正确项。

推理题是托福阅读中让很多同学望而生畏的题型，因为该类题对段落细节理解和选项分析要求非常高，一方面我们要短时间内处理原文里的细节和把握核心信息，另一方面又要对应选项里的长难句进行提炼，准确且迅速根据推理逻辑来判断正确选项。

具体来看，推理题的解题思路主要有如下三步：

第一步审题，分析题干关键信息用以确定原文考点句。就一般规律而言，题干的关键词在原文中会出现一两处，并且邻近几句中出现。所以先分析和确定题干中的关键词，再迅速扫读原文确定出题句很重要。

第二步定位，根据题干的关键词，在段落中扫读缩小出题范围，特别要留意语法结构负责的长难句，同学往往比较容易略读而跳过了关键词。对应要点，找到出题句，然后着重分析长难句。

第三步核实，分析选项并确定正确选项。推理题的正确选项有两类特征，一是跟原文信息进行反推;二是从大范围推小范围，即分析原理句和举例句之间的关系。

我们以官方真题Official5第1篇文章MINERALS AND PLANTS为例，分析下推理题的解题思路。

官方真题Official5-1

It can be inferred from Paragraph6 that compared with standard practices for remediation of contaminated soils, phytoremediation

A. does not allow for the use of the removed minerals for industrial purposes.

B. can be faster to implement

C. is equally friendly to the environment

D. is less suitable for soils that need to be used within a short period of time.

Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals – an environmentally friendly approach known as phytoremediation. This scenario begins with the planting of hyper accumulating species in the target area, such as an abandoned mine or an irrigation pond contaminated by runoff. Toxic minerals would first be absorbed by roots but later relocated to the stem and leaves. A harvest of the shoots would remove the toxic compounds off site to be burned or composted to recover the metal for industrial uses. After several years of cultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at a cost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial, the standard practice for remediation of contaminated soils. For examples, in field trials, the plant alpine pennycress removed zinc and cadmium from soils near a zinc smelter, and Indian mustard, native to Pakistan and India, has been effective in reducing levels of selenium salts by 50 percent in contaminated soils.

题目解析：第一步：审题和分析题干关键词，题干的相关信息standard practices for remediation of contaminated soils，然后扫读段落，确定出题句，因此着重在第二步解析长难句。

第二步：定位且锁定出题句：After several years ofcultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at a cost much lower thanthe price of excavation and reburial, the standard practice for remediation ofcontaminated soils.

精读长难句：After several years ofcultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at a cost much lower thanthe price of excavation and reburial, the standard practice for remediation ofcontaminated soils.

提炼相关信息：lower than之前都是指本段主题题phytoremediation的特征，

(1)After several years ofcultivation and harvest 经过多年的栽培和收割

(2)the site would be restored at acost much lower原址修复费用相比而言较低

第三步：分析选项

A. does not allow for the use of the removedminerals for industrial purposes.【未提及】

B. can be faster to implement

【跟原句信息(1)矛盾】

C. is equally friendly to the environment

【并非出现在出题句，没有构成比较关系】

D. is less suitable for soils that need to be usedwithin a short period of time.

【可以根据信息(1)(2)反推得出】

规律点评：推理题一般以反推为主，找到出题句并仔细分析核心信息非常关键。希望考生在备考推理题时，可以积极思考并总结原句和推理句之间的逻辑关系，今后遇到推理题的时候解题更加游刃有余。