托福阅读事实信息题：握住细节别放手！

托福阅读细节题是阅读部分出现频率最高的题型之一，你要在这个题中找到的正确答案是文章明确说出来的定义，细节或者其他相关信息(explicitly stated，也就是说，要有原文与正确选项对应)，最重要的是最后一句：Often the relevant information is in one or two sentences. 翻译过来是，与原文相关的信息只出现在一到两句话!那么到底如何找到跟问题相关的那一两句话呢?

首先当然是关注题干中的关键词，话说这个说法可能很多人都听过，但什么样的词能做关键词呢?

想想，找关键词无非为了回原文能尽快找到相应的信息，所以关键词应该具备两个特征，一是比较容易找到，就是长的比较特别，这样才能在一众单词中迅速被看见;二是不容易被其他词替换，一旦换掉了回原文找不到原词定位就失败了不是么?所以符合这两个特征的无外乎长难词，专有名词，时间和数字等等，如果这些都没有怎么办呢?把本不明显的词凑成词组，这样不就容易找到了么，毕竟目标大了啊!

第二步当然就是回原文定位了，需要注意的是，很多学生在定位的过程中不自觉的开始读全文，那你这定位有啥用呢?所以看文章的时候不要看意思，单纯找到要的那个词就好了。找到以后当然要精读找到的那句话。至于上下句要不要看，其实取决于只看找到的那句能不能帮你选出正确答案，如果只看那句不行，自然要看上下句了。但无论怎样，你需要读的句子一般不会超过两句话，官方还是说话算话的!

很多学生的问题出在根本不敢用这一套，总觉得读的太少肯定做不出题，再加上现在很多题目确实比较tricky，让大家更觉得无所适从，但请相信，既然官方说了只看一两句能选出答案，绝大多数情况下就一定可以。考生们的问题更多在于找不到或者好容易找到却看不懂，看不懂的孩子请好好背单词，毕竟巧妇难为无米之炊，没有一定的单词量再多的技巧也没用!至于找不到的同学，并不是这个方法本身出了问题，而是关键词很多时候不那么明显了。

那么问题又来了，找不到关键词应该怎么办?很多童鞋可能知道，托福考试中题目出现的顺序和文章行文的顺序是一致的，直接点儿说，就是一段的第一题极有可能出现在这段的最前面，以此类推。知道了这个，就意味着即使没有关键词，你也可以根据这题是这段的第几题来大致确定到底要读段落的前半部分。中间，还是后半部分;还可以根据上一题的大概位置往下找这一题的答案，这样会使读文章的压力大幅减轻。

举个例子(T42P2, 3题)，原文和题目如下

Dinosaurs rapidly became extinct about 65 million years ago as part of a mass extinction known as the K-T event,because it is associated with a geological signature known as the K-T boundary, usually a thin band ofsedimentation found in various parts of the world (K is the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous, derivedfrom the German name Kreidezeit). Many explanations have been proposed for why dinosaurs became extinct.For example, some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants, which weresupposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion—except that floweringplants first evolved in the Early Cretaceous, about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out. In fact, severalscientists have suggested that the duckbill dinosaurs and homed dinosaurs, with their complex battery ofgrinding teeth, evolved to exploit this new resource of rapidly growing flowering plants. Others have blamedextinction on competition from the mammals, which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs—except that mammalsand dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago, and there is no reasonto believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence. Some explanations (such as theone stating that dinosaurs all died of diseases) fail because there is no way to scientifically test them, and theycannot move beyond the realm of speculation and guesswork.

3. According to paragraph 1 the extinction of the dinosaurs is unlikely to have been the result of competition frommammals because

○ mammals would not have been capable of eating dinosaur eggs

○ mammals did not appear in any significant numbers until after the Late Triassic

○ mammals and dinosaurs did not, in fact, compete for any of the same resources

○ mammals and dinosaurs lived together for roughly 120 million years before the extinction

本题是这段的最后一题(别问我怎么知道的，你做题的时候不是按顺序写的么，点NEXT就到下一段了不就说明这题是这段最后一题么?)，以关键词组competition from the mammals定位到倒数第二句(注意最后一题不一定非得是最后一句啊只要靠后就OK了)，句子说有些人认为恐龙灭绝是因为哺乳动物吃了它们的蛋，后半句说这种说法不对，我们无法相信哺乳动物突然就对恐龙蛋感兴趣，因为它们彼此相安无事共存了一亿两千万年。所以正确答案是D，只读一句话是可以选出这一题的答案的。

只要定位正确，一般不会有人误选B和C两个选项的。至于A，注意原文是taste的问题，也就是不喜欢吃，A是说不能吃，不是同一个概念哦!!!有同学可能会觉得这太过追求细节，但事实上，托福细节题就是要抠这些细节的，不懂你就输了哦!!!