因果逻辑类句子简化题剖析

托福阅读的句子简化题考察学生对长难句的理解和同义替换的能力，考生需要对句子结构、句间逻辑和句意有充分理解。在这一题型中因果逻辑关系类的长难句结构也出现较多。那么针对因果逻辑类句子简化题，我们该如何入手呢？小站君通过两道真题解析为各位TOEFLer支招因果逻辑类句子简化题的剖析策略，快来先睹为快吧！

托福阅读例题1：
The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.
B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.
C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.
D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
逻辑分析：
原句带有因果逻辑词result from，result from前面部分“the extremeseriousness of desertification”属于结果，result from后面部分属于原因。
根据优先看相同逻辑的选项，我们优先分析带有because的A和B选项：
B 选项，原属于原因部分的“slowingdown the process”出现在了该选项的结果部分，所以因果颠倒，可排除。
A 选项，结果部分和原句意思一致，都是表示沙漠化问题严重，原因部分也和原句一致，都是说明了两个具体原因，答案选A。
托福阅读例题2：
Third, in a species-rich ecosystem, diseases may spread more slowly because most species will be relatively less abundant, thus increasing the average distance between individuals of the same species and hampering disease transmission among individuals.
A. In any ecosystem, as the number of individuals in the same species increases, the rate of disease transmission slows down.
B. Ecosystems that have a small number of different species tend to be disease-free, because the species’ habitats are at a safe distance from each other.
C. In ecosystems with many species, diseases spread more slowly because there are fewer individuals in a species and, as a result, the individuals are more widely scattered.
D. The average distance between individuals in a species-rich ecosystem increases, so diseases are prevented from being communicated between species.
逻辑分析：
这题属于逻辑关系套逻辑关系，整个句子是因果逻辑，信号词为because。
在because之前的为结果，意思是在物种丰富的生态系统中，疾病的蔓延会相对慢一些。
在because之后的原因部分中又套了一个小的因果逻辑，意思是大多数物种相对不那么丰富，因此(thus)导致了两个结果，其一是相同物种之前隔的平均距离就远了，其二是阻碍了个体物种之间的疾病传播。

转化为结构图，可以理解为：

以上就是小站君为各位分享的托福阅读句子简化题因果逻辑类剖析，希望能为各位的托福阅读提分助一臂之力。