【考前必备】托福阅读十大题型之词汇题——Applied Arts

托福阅读词汇题怎么做?接触过新托福考试的考生应该对新托福阅读中的一类题型深有体会，甚至有的考生对其深恶痛绝，这一类题就是阅读的词汇题，即选择4个选项中和原文某一词汇意义表达相同的选项，很多同学面对这样的题目都会束手无策。那么，下面我们就为大家带来一些这样的范例，帮助大家如何应对这样的题目。

托福阅读词汇题：Applied Arts

【Paragraph 1】 Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct　them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their　being known as the "applied arts." Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple　categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports　must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in　their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their　application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides,　it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision,　have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can　vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm.　However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different　from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object's primary　function. (Applied Arts and Fine Arts)

The word “they” in the passage refers to

○applied-art objects

○the laws of physics

○containers

○the sides of pots

托福阅读词汇题答案：1