托福听力课外资料练习：科学美国人60秒一对大象相关内容分享

在托福听力考试的备考过程中，科学美国人60秒相信大家一定用得比较多，那么大家平时是如何利用这个课外资料的呢?这里小编整理了科学美国人60秒一对大象的内容分享，大家一起来学习一下吧。

科学美国人60秒听力练习：一对大象

科学美国人60秒英文文本

Elephants are smart, social animals. And now we know that they can organize themselves into teams to accomplish tasks.

A research team that included renowned primatologist Franz de Waal taught 12 Thai elephants—who already work with human trainers called mahouts—to get a bowl of food by pulling a rope attached to an out-of-reach table.

Then the scientists threaded the rope so that it would take two elephants, pulling both ends at the same time, to move the table. If one yanked an end without its helpmate doing so, no reward.

The pachyderms were paired up. Only if they pulled together could they get the food. The elephants tried the task when they were released simultaneously or at staggered times. Even when the release was staggered, an elephant quickly learned that it had to wait for its partner to come and cooperate to get the food. This finding was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Joshua Plotnik et al., "Elephants know when they need a helping trunk in a cooperative task"] Elephants are thus on par with apes for fast learning of deliberate cooperation with a partner.

When grouped, individuals also remembered which of the others was their task partner. Because an elephant never forgets…who helped it rope a meal.

—Cynthia Graber

科学美国人60秒中文翻译：

大象可以迅速学会与它象合作，共同获取食物。

Cynthia Graber发表。大象是聪慧的社会性动物。现在我们发现它们可以组成团队以共同完成任务。 由知名灵长类动物学家Franz de Waal 组成的研究小组，训练12只大象，这些大象曾和驯象人一起完成过工作。绳子一端系在桌上，通过拖住绳子获得一碗食物。之后科学家将线穿过，这样就可以连接两头大象。

如果其中一个猛拉一端，而另一个不动，则得不到食物。大象两头一组。只有它们一起拉绳子，则可以得到奖励。大象尝试着同时放绳子或者错时放绳子，只有当大象错时释放绳子，大象能迅速学会它应该等待同伴的到来，合作获得食物。这一结果在国家科学学会上发表。 “大象知道，在合作事宜时，它们需要另一只鼻子”。这样大象就快速学会慎重和同伴合作。当进入象群后，个体还是记得它们的合作伙伴，因为它们不会忘记，谁曾经帮助它们获得食物。

1. primatology n. 灵长类动物学

2. mahout n. 驯象的人, 管象的人

3. yank v. 猛拉, 猛拔

4. pachyderm n.厚皮动物，厚脸皮的人

以上就是小编为大家整理的科学美国人60秒：一对大象的文本以及翻译，大家练习的时候还可以找来音频资料一起练习，效果定会更好。最后，小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。

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