不同分数段的SAT语法真题练习及深度解析

*3、Manage phrases and clauses in a sentence在句中使用短语和从句

*In your reading, choose a paragraph and be able to distinguish gerunds from main verbs, especially when both end in “ing.” In your own writing, make sure you use gerunds and participles appropriately.

意思为：“阅读时，选择一个段落并可以区分谓语动词及动名词，尤其当它们都以“ing”结尾时。写作时，确保正确使用不定式和分词。”

主要考察对非谓语动词的理解。动名词和谓语动词所做成分不一样。另外，在SAT 语法考试中，后置定语做修饰成分也是难点。一般情况下是现在分词、过去分词以及不定式短语做后置定语，注意与所修饰词分别起到的是主动、被动以及将来等意义。结构为“S，done..., V...”等。注意有些动词过去分词和过去式一样，容易混淆为谓语动词。

如2013 年5 月亚洲真题中，考到如下题目：

The meteor shower being(A) best seen from (B) the naval observatory on Saturday (C) just before (D) down. No Error.(E)

句中A 选项being 是be 动词的现在分词形式，而此处需要be 动词的谓语动词形式，此句没有明显时态要求，可改为is、was 等。

*4、Recognize correctly formed sentences 识别形式正确的句子

*In your reading, pay attention to the parts of speech and how they agree in well-formed sentences, notice modifying words and phrases and how they function when used correctly, and note the relationships between phrases and clauses in well-formed sentences. In your own writing, make sure that subjects agree in number with their associated verbs and that main verbs are used

to construct complete sentences; that pronouns agree in number, gender, and person with their logical antecedents; and that verb forms are used consistently and logically. Be sure to use correctly formed modifying words, and make sure that modifying words and phrases are placed correctly to show logical modification. Use proper subordination and coordination to join ideas and to form complete sentences.

意思为：“阅读中，注意词性以及它们是如何构建格式正确的句子的;注意修饰性词语和短语以及如何正确使用并发挥它们的作用;注意格式正确的句子中短语及分句间的关系。在写作中，确认主语与相联系的动词保持数量一致性，并且主要的动词构建了完整的句子;确认代词在数量、性别和人称上与先行词的一致性;确认动词形式的一致性和逻辑性。确保使用形式正确的修饰性词汇，并把其及短语放在正确的

位置进行有逻辑地修饰。使用正确的主从关系和平行关系来表达观点并构建完整句子。”

此建议已经包含之前所说的动词、代词、形容词、副词、后置定语、逻辑主语等知识点。

需要注意主从句和平行结构。在主从句方面要注意从句是否有动词，时态、单复数是否正确，主从句逻辑关系是否正确，常用从句改写无逻辑的并列句以及run-on，注意定语从句引导词的选择是否正确;平行结构注意要对“and”等词敏感，注意结构平行、词性一致。

*5、Manage order and relationships of sentences and paragraphs 处理句子或段落的顺序及关系

*In your reading, be able to recognize coherence, even in paragraphs with a complex development.

In your own writing, develop multiple means of elaborating your ideas logically within a paragraph.

意思为：“阅读时，能够透过文章复杂的写法理解文章的连贯性及一致性。写作时，在文章中用多种方法来有逻辑地详细阐述作者观点。”

此考点考察句子间以及段落间的逻辑关系，比如让步、转折、因果、举例等逻辑关系，在三种题型中均有分布，尤其是IP 题，注意选择正确的连词或者连接结构。

如2009 年5 月真题中，考到如下题目：

(1) For a long time, there has been a vocal minority of people who question whether Shakespeare really authored the works attributed to him. (2) These skeptics claim that the plays and sonnets were actually written by Edward de Vere, Christopher Marlowe, or even Sir Francis Bacon. (3) Most serious scholars dismiss such claims. (4) What about the socalled authors of other famous works of literature?

In context, which is best to add to the beginning of sentence 3?

A. For example,

B. In addition,

C. However,

D. Unfortunately,

E. Similarly,

根据第二句和第三句的关系，尤其是第三句的dismiss such claims, 表明skeptics 和serious scholars 的观点是相反的，所以两句是逻辑关系，应该选择C 表示转折。

二、分数区间500-590

College board 的Skills Insight 提出，当学生把400-490分数段的基础打扎实之后，可以进一步提升到500-590 分数段。下面详细阐述500-590 分数段学生应掌握的较难技能，对于没有阐述的技能，Skill Insight 提出应参考400-490 分数段相关技能。

官方给出的建议为：

* 1、Manage word choice and grammatical relationships between words 进行词汇选择并较好的

处理词汇间语法关系

*In your reading, choose a paragraph and identify the subjects and verbs in the sentences within that paragraph in order to see that writers pay careful attention to subject-verb agreement, even when a word, phrase, or clause intervenes between the subject and the verb. In your own writing, check to see that your subjects and verbs agree in number.

意思为：“阅读时，选择一个段落，识别句中的主语谓语，以便观察即使主谓之间出现词语、短语或句子作为插入语，作者都十分注意主谓一致性。写作时，确保主谓在数量上达成一致。”

主谓一致原则并不难，但是学生经常犯错，就是因为主谓之间出现插入成分, 包括“同位语、后置定语、定语从句、插入语”。只要掌握原理S，...，V... 的原理即可了。此考点每年均有题目，且不止一个，需要加强注意。

如2010 年10 月，考到如下题目：

The visual quality of the silent movies produced (A) during (B) the 1920s were (C) often extremely (D) high. No error (E).

此题主语为the visual quality of the silent movies (produced during the 1920s), 括号里面为后置定语，一定要注意这里面的produced 形式为过去分词，不是过去式，而主语主干为the visual quality，是单数，所以谓语动词也应该是单数，把C 选项的were 改为was, 符合“S，...，V...”结构。

*2、Manage grammatical structures used to modify or compare 使用语法结构做修饰或比较

*(1)In your reading, choose a paragraph and identify the adjectives and adverbs in the sentences

and the words they modify. In your own writing, check to see that your adjectives are used to modify nouns and that your adverbs are used to modify verbs.

意思为：“阅读时，选择一个段落，指出句中的形容词、副词以及它们修饰的词。写作时，确保形容词用来修饰名词，副词用来修饰动词。”

此考点考察形容词、副词的修饰关系，注意形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词等。常见错误是该用副词修饰的，用成了形容词。一般每次考试会考一至两道题。如2011 年10 月真题中，考到如下题目：

Production delays were notoriously(A) difficult obstacles to overcome(B)until the company adopted(C) new computer technology that works more effective (D) than the old technology. No error.(E)

根据副词修饰动词的原则，D 选项中修饰动词work 的应该是副词effectively, 即使有比较级more，也不应该少了-ly，所以改为more effectively。

*(2)In your reading, focus on sentences that contain comparative phrases (e.g., "as strong as" or "more fit than"). In your own writing, check to see that you use appropriate structures to compare things and ideas.

意思为：“阅读时，注意包含比较性短语的句子(比如“asstrong as” 或 “more fit than”)。写作时，确保正确使用结构来比较事物及观点。”

此考点考察形容词、副词的比较级、最高级等，考生需要注意比较范围为两者还是两者以上选用比较级、还是最高级;是否出现双重比较，如more easier 类似的错误;注意比较结构的可比性，避免出现人和物比较的现象，经常会出现that of / those of 结构，避免不可比。如2010 年5 月真题中，考到如下题目：

In some species of birds, such as the peafowl, the plumage of the male is more colorful and more

variegated than the female.

A. than the female

B. than are the females

C. than that of the female

D. compared to the female

E. compared with the females

首先，确定比较的是the plumage of the male 和the plumage of the female，所以答案中than 后面不能直接加the female,而避免重复，我们可以用that代替the plumage，所以答案为C。