8种SAT阅读修辞手法种类总结

Synecdoche：提喻

定义：又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。例如：

1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.

长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。

句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”(巨大的牺牲)

2、“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...”

……他说这是世界上最美的语言。

这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。

4、Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the U.S. team.

很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。

这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”。

Pun:双关语

定义：The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or the use of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect.

用一个词去暗示两种或两种以上的意义或引起不同的联想，或者用两个或两个以上发音相同或相近而意义不同的词，以产生一种幽默效果。)

例子：1.Mother: Your hair needs cutting badly.

Daughter: I think it needs cutting nicely, it was cut badly last time .

(badly: a. 非常; b. 坏)

2.Judge: Tell me why you parked there.

Driver: Because, Your Honor, it said “Fine for Parking”

(fine: a. 好的; b. 罚款)

oxymoron：矛盾的修辞

定义：A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined

在修辞中使用不协调或前后矛盾的方法

例子：1.The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.

教练为了对他的受训者仁慈就要对他们残酷

2.She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile.

她带着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信

rhetorical repetition：重复

定义：在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。

例子：1、It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny.

它必须用我们这些对于未来，对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。

2、 Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.

因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，更少疾病，和更少残废。

Metonymy：借代

定义：指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。

例子：1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them.

几年以后，他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。

“word”在这里代替了“news, information”(消息、信息)

2、Al spoke with his eyes,“yes”. 艾尔用眼睛说，“是的”。

“说”应该是嘴的功能，这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”。

Onomatcpocia：拟声

定义：是指摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。

例子：1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.

在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。

2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.

她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西，如阳光呀，丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀，昆虫的叫声呀，开门的吱嗄声呀，亲人的说话声呀。

Alliteration：头韵法

定义：在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感.

例子：How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.

以上就是sat阅读修辞种类总结。同学们可以参照汉语中的修辞用法来理解，并找一些相关的试题进行练习。