【SAT2考试】SAT2化学考点总结

Gases and theGas Laws 气体和气体定律

Introduction—Gases in theEnvironment(入门—环境中的气体)

Some Representative Gases(一些有代表性的气体)

Oxygen(氧气)

Hydrogen(氢气)

General Characteristics of Gases(气体的基本特征)

Measuring the Pressure of a Gas(测量气压)

Kinetic Molecular Theory(气体动力论)

Some Particular Properties of Gases(气体的特殊性质)

Gas Laws and Related Problems(气体定律和相关的难题)

Graham’s Law(格锐目定律)

Charles’s Law(查理定律)

Boyle’s Law(波义耳定律)

Combined Gas Law(混合气体定律)

Pressure Versus Temperature(气压和温度)

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures (道尔顿分压定律)

Corrections of Pressure(压力校正)

Ideal Gas Law(理想气体定律)

Ideal Gas Deviations(理想气体偏差)

ChemicalCalculations(Stoichiometry)and the Mole Concept 化学计算器&摩尔内容

Solving Problems in Chemistry(解答化学难题)

The Mole Concept(摩尔内容)

Molar Mass and Moles(摩尔质量和摩尔)

Mole Relationships(摩尔关系)

Gas Volumes and Molar Mass(气体体积和摩尔质量)

Density and molar Mass(密度和摩尔质量)

Mass-Volume Relationships(摩尔与体积的关系)

Mass-Mass Problems(质量—质量难题)

Problems with an Excess of One Reactant(涉及某一反应物多余的难题)

Liquids,Solids, and Phase Changes 液体，固体和状态变化

Liquids(液体)Importance of Intermolecular Interaction(分子间相互作用的重要性)

Kinetics of Liquids(液体动力学)

Viscosity(粘性)

Surface Tension(表面张力)

Capillary Action(毛细作用)

Phase Equilibrium(平衡状态)

Boiling Point(沸点)

Critical Temperature and Pressure(临界温度和临界压力)

Solids(固体)

Phase Diagrams(状态图表)

Water(水)

History of Water(水的历史)

Purification of Water(水净化)

Composition of Water(水的构成)

Properties and Uses of Water(水的性质和使用)

Water’s Reactions with Anhydrides(水和碱性氧化物的反应)

Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding(极性和氢键)

Solubility(可溶性)

General Rules of Solubility(可溶性的基本原则)

Factors That Affect Rate of Solubility(影响溶解率的因素)

Summary of Types of Solutes and Relationships of Type to Solubility (溶液类型和类型之间关系的总结)

Water Solutions(水处理)

Continuum of Water Mixtures(水混合溶剂)

Expressions of Concentration(浓度的表达)

Dilution(稀释)

Colligative Properties of Solutions(溶液的依数性)

Crystallization(结晶化)

Chemical Reactions and Thermochemistry 化学反应和热化学

Types of Reactions(反应类型)

Predicting Reactions(预知化学反应)

Combination(Known Also as Synthesis(化合反应)

Decomposition(Known Also as Analysis(分解反应)

Single Replacement(置换反应)

Double Replacement(复分解反应)

Hydrolysis Reactions(水解反应)

Entropy(熵)

Thermochemistry(热化学)

Changes in Enthalpy(焓变化)

Additivity of Reaction Heats and Hess’s Law(反应热加成性定律—赫士定律)

Bond Dissociation Energy(键裂解能)

Enthalpy from Bond Energies(键能中的键焓)

Rates of Chemical Reactions 化学反应速率

Measurements of Reaction Rates(反应速率的测量)

Factors Affecting Reaction Rates(影响反应速率的因素)

Collision Theory of Reaction Rates(化学反应速率的碰撞理论)

Activation Energy(激活能)

Reaction Rate Law(化学反应速率定律)

Reaction Mechanism and Rates of Reaction(化学反应机制和化学反应速率)

Chemical Equilibrium化学平衡

Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium(可逆反应和平衡)

Le Chatelier’s Principle(化学平衡移动原理—勒复特列原理)

Effects of Changing Conditions(条件变化的影响)

Effect of Changing the Concentrations(浓度改变的影响)

Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium(平衡中温度改变的影响)

Effect of Pressure on Equilibrium(平衡中压力改变的影响)

Equilibrium in Heterogeneous Systems(异构系统中的平衡)

Equilibrium Constant for Systems Involving Solids(涉及固体的系统平衡常数)

Acid Ionization Constants(酸电离常数)

Ionization Constant of Water(水电离常数)

Solubility Products(溶解度产物)

Common Ion Effect(同离子效应)

Driving Forces of Reactions(反应推动力)

Relation of Minimum Energy(Enthalpy) to Maximum Disorder(Entropy)(焓—熵关系)

Change in Free Energy of a System-the Gibbs Equation(系统中自由能的变化—吉布斯公式)

Acids, Bases, and Salts 酸，碱，盐

Definitions and Properties(定义和性质)

Acids(酸)

Bases(碱)

Broader Acid-Base Theories(酸—碱理论)

Conjugate Acids and Bases(共轭酸碱)

Strengh of Conjugate Acids and Bases(共轭酸碱强度)

Acid Concentration Expressed as pH(pH表示为酸浓度)

Indicators(指示剂)

Titration—Volumetric Analysis(滴定—容量分析法)

Buffer Solutions(缓冲溶液)

Salts(盐)

Amphoteric Substances(两性物质)

Acid Rain—An Environmental Concern(酸雨—共同关心的环境问题)

Oxidation-Reduction and Electrochemistry 氧化—还原反应和电化学

Ionization(电离)

Oxidation-Reduction and Electrochemistry(氧化---还原反应和电化学)

Voltaic Cells(伏打电池)

Electrode Potentials(电极电位)

Electrolytic Cells(电解池)

Applications of Electrochemical Cells(Commercial Voltaic Cells)(电化电池的应用)

Quantitative Aspects of Electrolysis(电解现象)

Relationship Between Quantity of Electricity and Amount of Products(电量和数量的关系)

Balancing Redox Equations Using Oxidation Numbers(用氧化数配平氧化还原方程式)

The Ion-Electron Method(离子—电子法)