2018年7月21日雅思阅读机经预测（A类考试适用）

文章题目

The influence of social network to people's loneliness

重复年份

20140920 20130622

题材

人文社科

题型

配对6+选择4+判断4

文章大意

社交媒体对人孤独的影响.越来越多的人开始使用社交媒体，有些人认为社交媒体使人变得更加孤独，有些人却不同意。在大学生中做了一个调查，结果表明孤独感与人们花时间在社交媒体上无关。社交媒体会使人变得焦虑，也会让人上瘾。

参考阅读：

Ethan Kross, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, suggests that his recent research shows that online social media use, rather than making us as users feel inter-connected, contributes to overall life dis-satisfaction and loneliness.

This side-effect can have drastic results, considering over 1.1 billion users around the world are linked up on Facebook alone.

The study monitored 82 participants’ feelings and well-being, compared to their social media use, over a long period of time. This kind of LONG TERM comparative research was the first of its kind to be conducted.

The main correlation result was: the more time spent on social media, the less happy you will be over time.

A separate study in 2010 conducted by Carnegie Mellon University discovered that when users are DIRECTLY interacting with social media friends, such as posting pictures and status updates, tagging photos, or liking things, their sociability and well-being increased.

However, the dangerous part of our social media use stems from the time we are passively consuming social media content, which represents a majority of user time spent on these platforms. This passive consumption of other peoples idealized vacations, days off, meals, boyfriends, family, etc. led users to feel lonely and unsatisfied with their own lives, despite how eschewed this perception of others lives ACTUALLY is.

Thus, social media has forced us to face a grave paradox: social media claims to be the platform that can connect users with their friends, family, community and the like within seconds, and this is true; however, never before have we experienced more isolation than we are now as a result. Our obsession with our digital social media lives is beginning to take precedence over our physical, here-and-now lives, resulting in our inability to interact with real people, and enjoy life’s current moments without being distracted by how this will be portrayed on social media.

文章题目

Expert in musician

重复年份

20160130 20140517

题材

人文社科

题型

选择4+判断6+填空4

文章大意

天赋是遗传先天的还是靠练习，主要以音乐为例。讨论坚持不懈对成功的作用和他们的关系。首先探讨了毅力是否是成功的必要条件，并阐述了众多学家就此提出的各类观点。在论证天才是不是也需要坚持不懈时，举例了莫扎特一个人坚持找工作的过程。最后证明了坚持不懈和成功的关系密切。

部分参考答案：

选择：

1.what's the definition of talent in the first paragraph

brain structure different from others

2.what can we learn from violin players?

Not sure the change of brain size is the cause of effect of practice

3.the result of findings by experts suggest

Talent may have little to do with ....

判断题：

1. ericsson's study has influenced other researchers.NG

2.the other areas have one thing in common.Y

3.whose who becoe world scale practice regularly every dayNG

4.anyone who practiced over 10.000 will become a talentN

5.current learning and cognitive skills support the practice theoryY

填空题：

Receive a lot ofpractice from his father. .... first symphony at the age of four....no官方真题Officialpular...but notinherited.

文章题目

Consumer advertisement

重复年份

20160305 20141002

题材

商业

题型

判断7+填空6

文章大意

消费者广告。过度广告会造成消费者对广告无感，有时候还会起到适得其反的作用。广告设计如何才有吸引力，更能有效宣传

参考阅读：
The report was published in Vietnam e-Business Index (EBI) 2015 and made public at a recent press conference to introduce the Vietnam Online Marketing Forum to be held late this August. The EBI 2015 was based on a survey among 5,000 enterprises across the country, up nearly 50 percent, compared to 2014.
According to Nguyen Thanh Hung, chairman of the Vietnam e-Commerce Association (VECOM), the EBI 2015 indicated that the number of e-commerce transactions grew sharply against 2014 and transactions were diversified. However, e-commerce businesses have yet to work out effective solutions to win consumer confidence.
Tuan Ha, CEO of Vinalink said online marketing has seen a rapid increase. In 2015, to better serve customers, businesses invested more in applications for e-commerce on mobile phones with a growth of 200 percent. Many online marketing agencies have been used by sellers such as Facebook, Google, and Over-The-Top (OTT) application.
According to a survey made by VECOM, government agencies and businesses (G2B) have made significant progress. Some 26 percent of websites launched mobile platforms last year. However, they lacked able human resources and did not pay much for the e-commerce performance.
Under the survey, 95 percent of businesses used email in their business activities. The ratio of businesses using email to make business contracts has been growing in the last three years while the ratio of businesses using email to advertise or introduce their products has been going down. It clearly reflects a new trend in online advertising.

Some 53 percent of surveyed businesses said they spent below VND10 million (US$444) on online marketing, or equivalent to 2014. It said 12 percent of surveyed businesses spending more than VND50 million on online marketing.
The most popular marketing social channels are social networks, search engines, e-newspapers and emails. Marketing through search engines has been rated as the one with highest efficiency.
Some 30 percent of businesses said advertisements on search tools gained high efficiency. It is 25 percent of advertisements on social networks. Only 14 percent of surveyed businesses said that advertisements on mobile phones brought high efficiency, while 38 percent of surveyed businesses said advertisements on mobile phones brought low efficiency.
This result was similar to the Nielsen Global Trust in Advertising Survey, Q1 2015. The report showed that Vietnamese consumers believed mostly in advertisements on search engines. It is followed by social networking, online videos, online banners, while the lowest ratio is on advertisements on mobile devices.
Nguyen Trong Tho, CEO of iNet said Facebook video commercials have been very effective for sellers and are better than image advertisements.
According to industry insiders, online marketing has an intimate relationship with online shopping, but many Vietnamese firms do not pay their attention to this. Some businesses have already used online marketing services but it has seen low efficiency. On the other hand, Vietnamese businesses still largely depend on a small number of providers for cross-border advertising services. The local market share of online marketing is quite modest.
According to eMarketer, an independent market research company that provides insights and trends related to digital marketing, media and commerce, the global spending ratio for online marketing account is high, and this spending is growing. In the Asia-Pacific region, this ratio was 32.3 percent in 2015 and it is estimated to increase by 36.3 percent in 2016.

EMarketer predicts that this year, spending on online marketing will reach US$2.9 billion in Thailand, US$2.7 billion in Indonesia, and US$7 billion in India. In the United States, online advertising will increase 15.4 percent this year and will achieve sales revenue of more than US$68 billion, accounting for 32.6 percent of the entire advertising market
To spur online marketing, industry insiders said businesses need to pay much attention to investment, strategy, and product. The success in online marketing is to maintain connection with customers and sell products on their e-commerce websites and social networks.

文章题目

Children and robots

重复年份

20160305 20141002

题材

科技

题型

小标题5+配对5+填空3

文章大意

机器人对孩子学习的影响。主要讲到把机器人放在学校可以辅助老师还有陪学生玩，还可以让它们拥有表情促进交流，但是过度使用可能会造成伦理问题，此外还提到了几个科学家和他们的观点。

参考阅读：

Robotics is making inroads into society, not only in factories and industry but also in homes and schools, where social robots are helping children cope better with conditions such as diabetes and autism.

A robot and child

Studies show that interaction with a robot can benefit children with certain medical conditions such as diabetes, as well as autism and other developmental disorders. (Image: ALIZ-E project.)

This week, thousands of people – young and old – are exploring the weirdness and wonders of robotics technology during the European Robotics Week, which is taking place in labs, museums, public squares and schools all over Europe.

But robotics offers more than just show and tell. It can make a real difference in the lives of children who, for example, struggle with diabetes or autism, or need extra help in the classroom.

‘Nao’ the friendly (but not perfect) robot

Recently, scientists showed that social robots can help diabetic children accept the nature of their condition and become more confident about their futures. In the four-and-a-half year ALIZ-E project, a research team led by Plymouth University studied the interactions between hundreds of European children aged 7-11 and a robot prototype called ‘Nao’.

Standing around 60 centimetres tall and featuring specially designed speech recognition software, ‘Nao’ helped the youngsters in keeping a diary of food intake, insulin injections and blood sugar levels. Through quizzes and games it also helped the kids to better understand diabetes and the huge amount of information they are given.

According to ALIZ-E leader Tony Belpaeme, the robot is not just a novelty factor to catch the children’s attention but a tool to engage and motivate them. “In many cases where a child has diabetes, you notice their confidence has been knocked and the robot can help restore that. By personalising its responses and recognising the children it has met before, the robots can support and educate, and we have seen many times the positive impact this is having on children and their families,” Belpaeme says in a Plymouth University news release.

The European Commission-funded study has not only shed light on how children relate to social robots, but also how robots need to be designed to maximise their impact when used for educational or therapeutic purposes.

“The robot needs to personalise what it does.  If it treats children on an individual level, they immediately relate to it – it taps into our primitive need to interact and communicate,” Belpaeme says in the release. “One of the things that does appeal to children is that the robot makes mistakes – if it never did so, it could become intimidating. It does make the child realise they too don’t have to be perfect all of the time.”

Robots to assist autistic children

The researchers also showed the robots have potential to act as classroom assistants helping pupils who may be in danger of falling behind their peers. The team is now exploring additional uses for the robots, for instance to help children on the autistic spectrum.

“Our initial work shows it could have an incredibly positive impact on those children, and given that autism can impact heavily on someone’s ability to communicate and build relationships, we now need to establish why it seems they can relate to a tiny robot. From that, we can explore how widely we can use the robot as a therapeutic tool and can we, in fact, use it to teach about wider social interactions,” Belpaeme says.

As shown in a number of recent reports by the BBC, there is indeed growing evidence that robots can help autistic children not only to learn but also to improve their communication skills.

文章题目

Typography Introduction of Printed books

重复年份

20160312 20110127

题材

发展史

题型

判断4+填空9

文章大意

活字印刷的历史。两个德国人去Italy的一个地方，后来又搬去了罗马，之后很多商人就开始注意到印刷的潜在经济价值。

参考答案：

判断题：

1. Early books have many errors–F

2.活字印刷里就记得在M**某个地方只有富人才买得起书–T

3.刚开始printing的书，插图illustration–T

4. Business man in Roma begin to notice the value of printing can make moneyF

填空题：

5.类似流程图从上往下一步步说怎么印刷

6-7.Assembling Fonts:sheet of paper

8.第1版是用来更正错误的proof reading

9.types……pages are in right sequence

10.Local newspapers做宣传

11-12.问两种印刷方法的单词:bindingandsimulating

13. They lived very near to the book industry

文章题目

Fluoridation in the water

重复年份

20160312 20140719 20130119

题材

医疗健康

题型

选择题3+判断6+句子填空5

文章大意

本文讲述了氟化物添加对健康影响。对要不要对饮用水进行氟化处理，学者有两派不同的意见。

部分参考答案：

选择题：

1.How hot is the areaA

2.People should not be forced to take compulsory medication

3.To demonstrate that scientists’ finding will be influenced by social factors

判断题：

4.待补充

5.Science should not decide policy

6.Scientific and social factors should be separated No

7.Many sociologist ignore S’s study

8.S work was not emphasized by sicnetists outside the northern America NG

9. Both supporters and opponents have made valid argument.YES

填空题：

10.  Science is objective and unbiased

11. Can be affected by social factors

12. Scientific discovery cannot be understood at first

13. Cautious action is not necessary

14. People should have the right to choose

文章题目

Undergraduate students study dramas

重复年份

20160331 20141018

题材

人文社科

题型

暂无

文章大意

文学专业学生的课程指南，提到了让学生观看英国不同时期剧院中的戏剧，并列举了不同时期四种剧院的特点。

参考阅读：

Medieval period

Main article: Medieval theatre

By the medieval period, the mummers' plays had developed, a form of early street theatre associated with the Morris dance, concentrating on themes such as Saint George and the Dragon and Robin Hood. These were folk tales re-telling old stories, and the actors travelled from town to town performing these for their audiences in return for money and hospitality.

Renaissance: Elizabethan and Jacobean periods

The period known as the English Renaissance, approximately 1500—1660, saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts. The two candidates for the earliest comedy in English Nicholas Udall's Ralph Roister Doister (c. 1552) and the anonymous Gammer Gurton's Needle (c. 1566), belong to the 16th century.

During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and then James I (1603–25), in the late 16th and early 17th century, a London-centred culture, that was both courtly and popular, produced great poetry and drama. The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model: a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London. The linguist and lexicographer John Florio (1553–1625), whose father was Italian, was a royal language tutor at the Court of James I, and a possible friend of and influence on William Shakespeare, had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England. He was also the translator of Montaigne into English. The earliest Elizabethan plays includes Gorboduc (1561) by Sackville and Norton and Thomas Kyd's (1558–94) revenge tragedy The Spanish Tragedy (1592), that influenced Shakespeare's Hamlet.

17th and 18th centuries

Aphra Behn was the first professional English woman playwright.

During the Interregnum 1649—1660, English theatres were kept closed by the Puritans for religious and ideological reasons. When the London theatres opened again with the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, they flourished under the personal interest and support of Charles II. Wide and socially mixed audiences were attracted by topical writing and by the introduction of the first professional actresses (in Shakespeare's time, all female roles had been played by boys). New genres of the Restoration were heroic drama, pathetic drama, and Restoration comedy. Notable heroic tragedies of this period include John Dryden's All for Love (1677) and Aureng-zebe (1675), and Thomas Otway's Venice Preserved (1682). The Restoration plays that have best retained the interest of producers and audiences today are the comedies, such as George Etherege's The Man of Mode (1676), William Wycherley's The Country Wife (1676), John Vanbrugh's The Relapse (1696), and William Congreve's The Way of the World (1700). This period saw the first professional woman playwright, Aphra Behn, author of many comedies including The Rover (1677). Restoration comedy is famous or notorious for its sexual explicitness, a quality encouraged by Charles II (1660–1685) personally and by the rakish aristocratic ethos of his court.

Victorian era

A change came in the Victorian era with a profusion on the London stage of farces, musical burlesques, extravaganzas and comic operas that competed with Shakespeare productions and serious drama by the likes of James Planché and Thomas William Robertson. In 1855, the German Reed Entertainments began a process of elevating the level of (formerly risqué) musical theatre in Britain that culminated in the famous series of comic operas by Gilbert and Sullivan and were followed by the 1890s with the first Edwardian musical comedies. W. S. Gilbert and Oscar Wilde were leading poets and dramatists of the late Victorian period.[16] Wilde's plays, in particular, stand apart from the many now forgotten plays of Victorian times and have a much closer relationship to those of the Edwardian dramatists such as Irishman George Bernard Shaw and Norwegian Henrik Ibsen.

文章题目

Unique golden textile

重复年份

20160421 20131121

题材

工业

题型

小标题6+人名配对4+填空3

文章大意

蜘蛛丝与纺织品。文章讲述了golden spider是如何在体内把Liquid silk转化为solid silk的过程，文章中提到了一些科学家针对蜘蛛做的实验，如何提高capacity。在结尾两段讲述了关于spider silk的医学应用及市场的积极前景。

参考答案：

小标题：

i  experiment of an old idea

ii  life cycle of Madagascar spiders

iii  advances in textile industry

iv  resources to meet demands

v  physical property of spider silk

vi scientific analysis spider silk

vii  work of art

viii  importance of silk textile

ix    difficult to raise spider in capacity

14.  Paragraph A   viii

15.  Paragraph B v

16.  Paragraph C ix

17.  Paragraph D  i

18.  Paragraph E iv

19.  Paragraph F vii

人名配对4：

A. Simon Peers B. Nicholas Godlley C. Blackledge

20. need tremendous spider to make a small amount of spider silk B

21 Scientists want qualities of spider silk for medical use A

22 Scientists make progress to manufacture spider silk C

23 spider silk materials are be of strength A

填空3：

24.  grow silk by introduce genetic material intobacteriaand animals

25.  Silk come from liquid protein made in aglandinside of bodies.

26.  Spider silk spins cause force to make liquid turn to solid silk.

文章题目

British Woodlands

重复年份

20160430 20120421

题材

自然环境

题型

段落细节配对7+选词填空7

文章大意

讲的是英国森林的演变利用和最后的管理，大致文章脉络是在人类的入侵之前英国的植被覆盖情况，工业革命之后，人们对森林的掠夺从以燃烧原料和建筑材料为目的到了以工业发展为目的，后来人们意识到保护森林的重要，开始投入人力物力进行保护。

部分答案参考：

段落细节配对：

27   a description of careless working practices that harm woodlandF

28   details of landscape prior to human interventionB

29   arguments against cash rewardsH

30   a botanical source of evidence for the appearance of primitive woodlandB

31   reasons for reduced economic importance of woodlandE

32   a reason for recent improvements of woodland managementG

33   an implication for people of unhealthy treeA

选词填空：

Evolution of British Woodland

When woodland started to grow after last Ice Age. certain 34.speciesnaturally
dominated certain regions of Britain. People then intervened to reduce the woodland by using grazing animals and methods such as 35.burningand coppicing. An increasing number of trees have been grown to meet the demand of 36.Industry

Situations of woodland in Britain deteriorated due to the use of 37. I and the rigid 38.plantingpatterns of woodland. Such practices also destroyed the 39.habitsG of animals and other wildlife.

However, in the twentieth century, the state of woodland in Britain has been improved. 40.grantsavailable for fund encourage people to plant trees in good quality.