【雅思趣味阅读】盘点各国古代美女的妆容

小站前言：自古以来，人们为了保护肌体或为了修饰仪表，十分关注化妆。总有一些我们未知的事物，比如：古代女性如何化妆?各个国家的审美不同，风俗亦不同。下面我们就来看看古代各国是如何化妆的。

Ancient Egypt (c. 3150 - 31 BC)

古埃及（公元前3150年-公元前31年）

Eyes - Lined with kohl; often wore green or blue eyeshadow

眼妆——黑色眼线;常常是蓝色或绿色眼影

Lips - Popular lip colors included orange, red, blue-black, and magenta

唇部——流行的纯色包括橘色、红色、蓝黑色和紫红色

Hair - Braids framed the face

头发——辫子衬脸型

Women in Ancient Egypt lined their eyes with kohl, a substance made of soot, metal, and fat. Kohl was thought to help prevent the eyes from blindness, and doctors carried it in their bags. Green and blue eyeshadows were made naturally, with the mineral malachite. Lipstick in ancient Egypt symbolized status - both men and women of the upper class wore it.

古埃及女性用一种由烟灰、金属和脂肪制成的黑色眼影粉勾画眼线。人们认为这种眼影粉可以防止失明，医生包里都会带这种粉。绿色和蓝色眼影是由孔雀石这种矿石天然制成的。古埃及的口红代表社会地位——上层阶级的男性和女性都会抹口红。

Ancient Greece (c. 800 - 500 BC)

古希腊（公元前800年-公元前500年）

Eyebrows – Unibrows

眉毛——眉毛连成一线

Eyeshadow - Natural shades

眼影——自然色泽

Skin – Pale

肤色——白皙

The goal of ancient Greek cosmetics was natural beauty. Unibrows were the popular eyebrow style for ancient Greek women. Those who couldn’t grow one naturally would either glue animal fur between their existing brows, or create one with kohl. Women commonly wore lead-based face cream to lighten their skin.

古希腊化妆术的目标是自然美。眉毛连成一线是古希腊女性广受欢迎的眉形。若是眉间无法自然连成一线，有些女性或是在眉间黏动物皮毛或是用眼影粉补上眉毛。埃及女性通常用含铅面霜提亮肤色。

Elizabethan Era (c. 1558 - 1603)

伊莉莎白时期(1558-1603)

Skin - Powdered to appear pale

皮肤——抹粉至肤色发白

Forehead - Shaved eyebrows and hairline to create a larger forehead

额头——剃眉、剃发线让额头看起来更高

Lips - Lip rouge

唇部——口红

Hair - Auburn red was a popular shade

头发——赤赫色大热

Queen Elizabeth I dictated style during the Elizabethan era. It was popular for women to either pluck or shave their eyebrows and hairline in order to create a higher forehead. Women wore a lead-based powder called ceruse in order to appear more pale. Since Queen Elizabeth had naturally red hair, others dyed their hair or wore wigs to match the shade.

伊莉莎白一世主宰整个伊丽莎白时期。当时流行女性拔眉剃眉剃发线让额头看起来高。女性刷一种叫铅白的含铅粉底让自己看起来肤色更苍白。由于伊丽莎白一世有一头自然的红发，其他人也把头发染红或戴假发来配肤色。

India’s Gupta Age (c. 320 - 550 A.D.)

印度笈多时代（公元320-550年）

Eyes - Lined with kohl

眼部——眼影勾画眼线

Hair - Often worn in a bun or braid, and decorated with fresh flowers

头发——通常盘成圆形发髻或编成辫子并用鲜花装饰

Skin - Married Hindu women wore a bindi during this time

皮肤——已婚妇女额前点痣

Lips - Lip rouge

嘴唇——唇膏

Indian women have lined their eyes with kohl since ancient times, and this continued during the Gupta Age. Women commonly wore their hair either in one long braid down the back, or in a low bun decorated with fresh flowers. During this period of time, the bindi was specifically worn by married Hindu women.

印度妇女自古便用眼影粉勾画眼线，一直到多笈时代。女性通常背后拖条长辫子，或者挽一个低发髻，用鲜花作点缀。这一时期，额前点痣是印度已婚妇女特色。

Japanese Geishas (c. mid-1700s)

日本艺妓（中世纪-18世纪）

Skin - Heavy white foundation

肤色——厚重的白色粉底

Lips - Bold red lips

唇色——大胆的红色系

Eyes - Red and black lining around the eyes

眼睛——眼部周围画上红色和黑色的眼线

Hair - Worn in a chignon; decorated with combs and hairpins

头发——盘发髻;饰以梳子和发卡

Geishas became an integral part of Japanese society during the mid-18th century. They were - and still are - skilled entertainers who sang, played musical instruments, danced, and wrote poetry, requiring at least three years of training. Geishas at different levels of training vary in the amount of makeup they wear.

艺妓在18世纪中期成了日本社会不可分割的一部分。艺妓一直以来就是会唱会跳会乐器、会写诗的娴熟艺人，都受过至少三年训练。受不同级别训练的艺妓画不同的妆。

Pre-French Revolution (c. 1775 - 1789)

前法国革命时期(1775 - 1789)

Skin - Powdered pale, with black beauty spots

皮肤——脸扑白，点黑色美人痣

Cheeks - Reddened by rouge

脸颊——抹腮红

Lips - Kept shiny with grease

嘴唇——抹油脂保持唇色闪亮

Hair - Tall, extravagant, powdered white

头发——高耸、奢华、扑白

Makeup in pre-Revolution France was highly inspired by Marie Antoinette, who reigned with her husband until the Revolution. Women powdered their face, neck, and shoulders to look as pale as possible, even drawing on blue veins to appear even more pale. Women applied black silk beauty spots of varying shapes and sizes to their faces.

前法国革命时期的妆容深受玛丽·安东尼的启发，直到法国大革命前，玛丽·安东尼和她丈夫都统治着法国。女性抹涂脸、脖子和肩膀，看上去越苍白越好，甚至画上蓝色的血管追求更苍白的效果。女人会在脸上点上大小和形状不同的黑丝美人痣。

Victorian Era (c. 1837 - 1901)

维多利亚时期(1837 - 1901)

Skin - Clear, lightly powdered skin

皮肤——明亮，妆面轻薄

Cheeks - Pinched skin to create natural flush

两颊——形容苍白，打造自然腮红

Hair - Long, worn up in a chignon

头发——长发，挽发髻

Queen Victoria of England set the tone for the 19th century, publicly stating that wearing makeup was impolite. Because of this, skin was very important to Victorian beauty. Women lightly powdered their skin, but lip and cheek color was considered scandalous. Women often resorted to pinching their cheeks to gain color. A woman’s long hair was a symbol of her femininity, but hair was worn up in a chignon.

英国维多利亚女王为19世纪奠定了基调，她公开宣布粉饰是不礼貌的。正因此，皮肤在维多利亚年代时期的审美观看来很重要。女性淡妆，但唇色和脸颊色泽被视为可耻的。女性捏脸蛋让脸颊看起来有色泽。女人的长发被视为女性气质的象征，但头发还是要挽成发髻。