2018年雅思写作模拟试题(学术类)

本期雅思小作文参考范文：

柱状图：The charts below compare the age structure of the populations of France and India in 1984.

The two charts compare the populations of France and India in terms of age distribution by gender in the year 1984.

It is clear that the population of India was younger than that of France in 1984, with a noticeably larger proportion of people aged under 20. France, on the other hand, had a significantly larger percentage of elderly inhabitants.

In India, close to 14% of people were aged 5 or under, and each five-year age bracket above this contained an increasingly smaller proportion of the population. France’s population, by contrast, was more evenly distributed across the age ranges, with similar figures (around 7% to 8% of all people) for each five-year cohort between the ages of 0 and 40. Somewhere between 10% and 15% of all French people were aged 70 or older, but the equivalent figure for India was only 2%.

Looking more closely at gender, there was a noticeably higher proportion of French women than men in every cohort from age 50 upwards. For example, almost 3% of French 70- to 75-year-olds were women, while just under 2% were men. No significant gender differences can be seen on the Indian population chart.

(199 words, band 9)

流程图：The diagrams below show how houses can be protected in areas which are prone to flooding.

The diagrams compare two different methods of defence for homes which are at risk of being flooded.

The key difference between the diagrams is that they show flood protection with and without a stopbank. In either case, the at-risk home is raised on stilts above ground level.

The first diagram shows how a stopbank acts as a flood barrier to stop river water from flooding homes. The stopbank is a small mound of land next to the river that is higher than the 100-year flood level, and prevents the river from bursting its banks. Nearby houses can be built on stilts to prevent flooding from rainwater, and a floodgate beneath the stopbank can be opened to allow this ‘ponding’ to drain off into the river.

When there is no stopbank, as shown in the second diagram, there will be nothing to stop the river from flooding. In this case, the solution is to put buildings on stilts. The height of the stilts is measured so that the floor of the house is 300mm above the 100-year flood level. This measurement is called the ‘freeboard’.(184)

地图：The map shows the village of Chorleywood showing development between 1868 and 1994

The map shows the growth of a village called Chorleywood between 1868 and 1994.

It is clear that the village grew as the transport infrastructure was improved. Four periods of development are shown on the map, and each of the populated areas is near to the main roads, the railway or the motorway.

From 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood covered a small area next to one of the main roads. Chorleywood Park and Golf Course is now located next to this original village area. The village grew along the main road to the south between 1883 and 1922, and in 1909 a railway line was built crossing this area from west to east. Chorleywood station is in this part of the village.

The expansion of Chorleywood continued to the east and west alongside the railway line until 1970. At that time, a motorway was built to the east of the village, and from 1970 to 1994, further development of the village took place around motorway intersections with the railway and one of the main roads.(174)

混合图：The climograph below shows average monthly temperatures and rainfall in the city of Kolkata.

The chart compares average figures for temperature and precipitation over the course of a calendar year in Kolkata.

It is noticeable that monthly figures for precipitation in Kolkata vary considerably, whereas monthly temperatures remain relatively stable. Rainfall is highest from July to August, while temperatures are highest in April and May.

Between the months of January and May, average temperatures in Kolkata rise from their lowest point at around 20°C to a peak of just over 30°C. Average rainfall in the city also rises over the same period, from approximately 20mm of rain in January to 100mm in May.

While temperatures stay roughly the same for the next four months, the amount of rainfall more than doubles between May and June. Figures for precipitation remain above 250mm from June to September, peaking at around 330mm in July. The final three months of the year see a dramatic fall in precipitation, to a low of about 10mm in December, and a steady drop in temperatures back to the January average.(173 words, band 9)

表格：The table below shows the amount of waste production (in millions of tonnes) in six different countries over a twenty-year period.

The chart compares the amounts of waste that were produced in six countries in the years 1980, 1990 and 2000.

In each of these years, the US produced more waste than Ireland, Japan, Korea, Poland and Portugal combined. It is also noticeable that Korea was the only country that managed to reduce its waste output by the year 2000.

Between 1980 and 2000, waste production in the US rose from 131 to 192 million tonnes, and rising trends were also seen in Japan, Poland and Portugal. Japan’s waste output increased from 28 to 53 million tonnes, while Poland and Portugal saw waste totals increase from 4 to 6.6 and from 2 to 5 million tonnes respectively.

The trends for Ireland and Korea were noticeably different from those described above. In Ireland, waste production increased more than eightfold, from only 0.6 million tonnes in 1980 to 5 million tonnes in 2000. Korea, by contrast, cut its waste output by 12 million tonnes between 1990 and 2000.(165)

雅思大作文参考范文：

教育类：Art classes, like painting and drawing, are not as important as other subjects, so some people think that it should not be a compulsory subject at high school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Nowadays, many people contemplate whether art classes should be compulsory courses of high school. I believe it is absolutely necessary to make this idea come true as soon as possible.

One of the reasons is that some artworks are rich in knowledge and through appreciating these artworks in class, students can have access to a wide range of knowledge. For example, compared with the limited narration in history book, one of the masterpieces of Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, The Last Supper, displays a scene of religion in a more vivid and profound way. Art classes offer students another opportunity to think about some knowledge and these classes are significant complement to some core classes like math and science. Without these art classes, students can only acquire knowledge through words, which is not always the most effective and comprehensive approach to learn.

Apart from that, the underlying merits of attending art classes will benefit the students in the long term, which are no less than those of studying some core subjects As we know, academic performance is no longer the only standard to judge a student for many universities and as result, being adept at music or painting do help. After they enter the university, even if they study other majors in college, the skills qualities cultivated through these art classes may assist them to perform better. The abilities to be focused, to be detail-oriented and to be persistent will be conducive to students no matter what their disciplines are.

Considering the advantages of making art classes a complosory part in high school discussed above, I believe it is a wise choice from every aspect.

社会类：Some cities have vehicle-free days, when private cars, trucks, motorcycles are banned in the city center. Public transportations like buses, taxis and metros are advised. To what extent do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

In some cities around the world, people are not allowed to use private vehicles on some particular days and only public transports are available. From my point of view, this practice brings more benefits than drawbacks.

This approach does lead to some inconvenience for citizens especially for working people. Compared with taking bus or subway, it is more convenient and comfortable to drive one’s own car. With more people taking buses or metros on vehicle-free days, it will add to the burdens of the already overloaded public transport system. The bus terminal may be jam-packed with commuters, which will make people more discontent.

Nevertheless, we cannot deny the contribution it brings to pollution reduction and energy saving. As we know, air pollution has become a severe problem, since it is causing irreversible damage to the environment in many countries and the exhaust fume emitted by various kinds of vehicles is one of the culprits of air pollution. In this sense, if there were few vehicles on the road, it will relieve this problem at some extent. In terms of energy saving, fuels are in such short supply that we have to do everything we can to save energy. Apart from this, another benefit lies in the fact that it will remind people to take public transportation instead of using private vehicles. Definitely more attention could be paid to the advantages brought by using public transports with the implementation of this measure.

All in all, it is a wise practice since all the inconvenience and discontent is temporary as long as governments invest more money on the development of public transport infrastructure. And what is more important is that less pollution will be produced and more energy will be saved, which will benefit the human beings in a long term. (299 words)

文化类：Some people think “vertical city”, where people live and work in high buildings is the best. Others think “horizontal city” is better, where there are few tall buildings. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

An effective way for the government to ease traffic congestion is to encourage the public to take more public transport, but I do question the feasibility of offering it free 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.

Theoretically, providing 24 / 7 free public transport could produce some desirable outcomes. More people would choose to take the subway or the bus and there might be less dependence on private vehicles. Also, it could make it especially easier to those financially disadvantaged people. However, the validity of the policy need to be challenged.

Most countries are operating public transport system as a public service with governmental subsidy, and therefore free public transport would be financially impossible. Besides, the efficiency of the system could suffer in early mornings and at late nights for very few people would actually use public transport, which is a great waste of public funds.

To solve traffic gridlock, reasonable support for the public transport system is needed. But instead of making it 24 / 7 free of charge, the availability of convenient and reliable transport options could be promoted and people need to be able to afford them. In addition, certain restrictions should be put on unnecessary car use, for instance short journeys within already congested areas. More importantly, the government need to implement reasonable city road plan, because a big proportion of traffic jams are caused by inappropriate road construction.

To conclude 24 / 7 free public transport is far from a valid solution to resolve traffic congestion in the long run, thus other alternative strategies need to be considered. (260 words)

科技类：Some people think the technology makes life complex, so we should make life simpler without using the technology. Agree or disagree?

The past decades have witnessed the technology boom and thus our lifestyle has been revolutionized. Despite all the benefits，technology complicates our life in many aspects. As a result，ceasing to use technology is believed to be the way to solve this problem. I，on the other hand，disagree with this statement.

There is no denying the fact that technology may have led to complexity in day-to-day life for both the elderly and the young. The former，as the major groups requiring immediate medical treatment，find making appointments on line quite challenging. This leaves them less chances to see doctors and more inconvenience compared with old days when all the patients are waiting outside the doctors' office with on one jumping the queue out of thin air. The latter also suffer from the side effect brought by technology because they have to constantly receive training and drilling to barely keep up with the frequent update of technology，like the widely-used CRM in the office.

In spite of the inconvenience and complexity, it is inadvisable to simplify our life through abandoning technology. Actually，the cure lies in the technology itself. With user-friendly instruction on the website，such as videos or radios，the aged can be spared from the troubles. As for the young people，it is highly likely that the technology may develop perfectly enough and need no more updates. Additionally，the usage of technology，if once stopped，would definitely bring more complex situation. For example，people have to spend months traveling across the Atlantic Ocean，which can be accomplished with airplanes in a matter of hours.

In conclusion，it is not sensible to get rid of technology for the complexity it brings. Instead，we should carry on developing to settle this problem.

(310 words)

犯罪类：The government should control the amount of violence in films and on television in order to decrease the level of violent crime in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is undeniable that mass media generate significant impacts on public thoughts and behaviors, therefore violent scenes in movies or TV series are blamed for the rising crime rate in society. In order to resolve this social issue, some citizens propose that it is the government that should regulate the amount of violence in those programs.

People advocating this statement do have a good point. Even though there is no scientific evidence, it is common sense that being exposed to a plenty of criminal wrongdoings portrayed in films contributes to impulsive crimes. What’s worse, offenders even learn criminal means from the movies, such as how to kill victims in one shoot as well as how to abuse the hostage in most cruelest way. It is also worth mentioning that adolescents who are at the age which features the strong ability of imitation and a lack of awareness of abiding by laws tend to go astray or be involved in organized crimes. Obviously, under such a circumstance, there is no doubt that the authority must shoulder the obligation to censor those films or TV programs which contain explicit scenes of violence. In China, this practice is strictly implemented and does serve the purpose of diminishing the number of crime incidents, especially in metropolis.

Conversely, it is understandable that government’s interference exploits the right of free speech that should be granted to every individual. In other words, directors or scriptwriters are the ones who determine the plot and the best form to express the essence of their works. However, as Thomas Hobbes (a British politician and philosopher ) explained that the attainment of liberty is based on the guarantee of common benefits, so this view does not withstood the scrutiny.

In conclusion, as far as I am concerned rigorous censorship should be enforced by government so as to reduce the amount of violence in mass media. Besides, large-scale educational campaigns aimed at enhancing public awareness of obeying laws and regulations are supposed to be launched. Only in this way, can the social security be strengthened.

(343 words)