小站考友潜心整理《GMAT_CR黄金80题》(三)

GMAT逻辑推理的题目设计目的就是考察一个人能否抓住一个论断的推理主线，评估其他论据对论断所起作用(削弱或加强)的能力，如果我们对GMAT逻辑推理所要考察我们的各项能力进有针对性的训练，那么突破GMAT逻辑推理也并非难事。具体而言，GMAT逻辑推理就是要考察考生评价一个论述的形成或评价行动方案的能力。

18. 137解释现象。一种小螃蟹，幼年的时候挖坑，一种东东爬到它的背上。长大了就能够站在湍急的水中，而不用挖坑，这种东东也很少在它背上。然而，在一个水流非常不湍急的地方，这种小螃蟹不用怎么挖坑，那种东东数目也很少。 
科学家发现某种有shell的生活在beach上的东东的shell上有一种寄生东东，带壳的小东东身体较弱，需要在beach上挖洞burrow 以躲避猛烈的tides，研究发现带壳的小东东壳上的寄生东东比带壳的adult东东要来得少，科学家得出结论带壳的小东东躲在burrow里使寄生东东不容易寄生在小东东的壳上，研究又发现在weak tide的beach上带壳的小东东壳上的寄生东东并没有significant increase 。
小东东在未发育完以前每年要换好几个壳！ 
（so 寄生的东东不能在带壳的小东东壳上accumulate，还没等你significant increase他那边已经换壳了！） (GWD)

19. 138洗衣机， 厂家说新的型号的洗衣机更省能源，所以省电，可以根据实际测试，新型号的洗衣机每次洗一个Full Load所用电力比老型号的洗衣机要多。这是怎么回事呢，答案里面说，新型号的洗衣机每个Full Load所装载的衣物远远多于旧型号的洗衣机，言外之意就是，原来用旧型号的洗衣机洗十次的衣物，这下用新型号的洗衣机一次就洗完了，那么即使新型号的洗衣机洗一次衣物花费了三倍于旧型号的洗衣机所用的电力，总体来说洗的次数少了，所以还是省电了。

20. [版本1] 223机场拥挤， 从东边出口起飞的飞机占60%，从西边出口起飞的飞机占40%。 为了减轻交通堵塞，管理人员想建在东边建新的出口以缓解压力，问evaluation 我选：东边起飞的飞机和西边起飞的飞机的每架飞机是否载客一样。 
[版本2] 243一个机场东面和西面都有通道，东面航班的旅客流量占60％， 西面的占40％。于是建议：在东面再建造一个通道。Evaluation！我选：比较两个通道的旅客流量中中转旅客的比例。这里的中转旅客指的是在这个机场转机的人。注意点： 原题目里面说的通道，指的是进出机场的通道。
[版本3] 987为了要提高efficiency，机场要建railroad，然后可能有两个entrance，发现60%的旅客航班到达A所以应该建在A，是什么assumption 答案到那里的不是转机旅客

21. 230某沿海５年前大污染，当年９０％以上的海龟蛋都没有孵化．环境学家预测将对未来的海龟数目有大影响．但近几年来发现海龟数目是上升的，所以环境学家的预测是错误的．问weaken．海龟要到１０岁以后才会来产蛋．应为说明这个危害要到１０年以后才明显的发生；１０年以后产蛋的就会下降了．注意，文章只是说海龟蛋没孵化而非海龟都死光了．

22. 237有一种海藻产生的毒素可以使海龟长瘤，使用化肥后海龟长瘤的更多了。一般认为农药使海龟的免疫力下降了。问削弱。答案是化肥使海藻长得更茂盛了。

23. √240有一题说中世纪（还是罗马时期，不记得了）的文献中记载商业船队海难的资料很少，but当时的商船都是沿着地中海海岸航行的，所以事故都是因为触礁，很少船航行在海的中间，问削弱：1当时往来地中海的重要港口的路线就有要穿过海中心的。2答案中还有有记载事故发生在海中心的。

24. [版本1] 244有一座吊桥， 有船过的时候升起来，现在为了解决交通问题，打算重建一座新的大桥，能让给多的车辆通行，这作新的大桥的跨度很大，有桥墩支撑的拱桥高度足够绝大多数的船只通行。问这个计划不可能实现的原因。 答：绝大多数船只的宽度大于桥墩之间的宽度。
[版本2] 907有个什么drawbridge就是类似于吊桥,可以吊起来让比较高的船通过.某城市为了减少吊桥对桥上汽车交通的影响决定修个更高的drawbridge 这样不用吊起桥船也能通过了. 问WEAKEN选:换了更高的桥,更高的船也就往这个港口跑了
[版本3] 992某城市有一座可升降的桥，在巨轮通过时，需要被lift，让轮船通过，这样会阻碍桥上汽车通行。现在该市要造一座新桥，柱子之间的距离比老桥宽，高度也比老桥更高，问“造新桥可以改善汽车通行”的削弱。--我选：新桥的车流量是老桥的两倍。

25. √245有题是说Marco Polo文献没有提到长城，而因为长城在中国极为重要，去过的人都会提到，所以断定他没到中国的。问评价 答案是：It is unlikely that the author of the books eliminated as a naïve overstatement of the Marco Polo’s description of Great Wall.

26. 253boldface[版本1] :保护环境的某个组织想通过从农民手中将土地买过来的方式，来保护那些有可能被开发商使用的土地。但是这个计划不和逻辑。(But this plan is ill logical.)因为第一，农民总是将土地卖给出价高的人。而开发商显然出价比较高。第二，农民只有在土地没有办法耕种的时候才会卖。而土地要能够耕种，就必须要现代化。所以，环境保护组织应该才有这样的政策：帮助农民完成现代化，这样才可以保护土地不被开发商利用。 问第二句话和最后一句话的作用。

27. [版本1] 327 version1.关于阑尾炎的，说他有时候致命，所以现在一般都采取切除的办法，但是有些时候切除手术是不必要的。一种新的test出现了，可以使误诊率减小到2%，医生因此可以避免不必要的切除手术，但是，（后面一句没看懂），因为什么？填空
[版本2] Which of the following most logically completes the passage Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) is potentially fatal; consequently, patients with symptoms strongly suggesting appendicitis almost always have their appendix removed. The appropriate surgery is low-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of all cases. A newly developed internal scan for appendicitis is highly accurate, producing two misdiagnoses for every 98 correct diagnoses. Clearly, using this test, doctors can largely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix without, however, performing any fewer necessary ones than before, since________________ a: the patients who are correctly diagnosed with this test as not having appendicitis invariably having medical conditions that are much less serious than appendicitis b the misdiagnoses produced by this test are always instances of attributing appendicitis to someone who does not, in fact, have it c: all of the patients who are diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis do, in fact, have appendicitis d: every patient who is diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis has more than one of the symptoms generally associated with appendicitis e :the only patients who are misdiagnosed using this test are patients who lack one or more of the symptoms that are generally associated with appendicitis
[版本3] 962GWD 21-4 Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) is potentially fatal; consequently, patients with symptoms strongly suggesting appendicitis almost have their appendix removed. The appropriate surgery is low-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of all cases. A newly developed internal scan for appendicitis is highly accurate, producing two misdiagnoses for every 98 correct diagnoses. Clearly, using this test, doctors can largely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix without, however, performing any fewer necessary ones than before, since…………………
A. the patients who are correctly diagnosed with this test as not having appendicitis invariably have medical conditions that are much less serious than appendicitis
B. themisdiagnoses produced by this test are always instances of attributing
appendicitis to someone who does not, in fact, have it
C. of the patients who are diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis do, in fact, have appendicitis
D. patient who is diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis has more than
one of the symptoms generally associated with appendicitis
E. theonly patients who are misdiagnosed using this test are patients who lack one or more of the symptoms that are generally associated with appendicitis

31. 340[版本1]有一种农药, 对棉花有害, 但对大豆没有害处, 不过如果用了, 一年之后都会留在土壤里, 有一个农民, 在不同的地里种了大豆和棉花, 结果他那片地都没用那种农药, 问原因. 我选的是那个农民每隔一年就把大豆和棉花换过来种, 据说这样土地会变得很肥沃 

[版本2]农民一般用一种杀虫剂对付一种昆虫以保护某一作物然而现在发现这种杀虫剂对这种害虫没有影响但是农民还是用这种杀虫剂保护作物解释我选因为这种杀虫剂会减少其他对这种农作物有害的昆虫

[版本3]农夫在田里采用一种杀虫剂但杀虫剂会产生一种生物此种虫子对杀虫有抗体并且只会存活一年问农户会怎么做我选农夫会隔一年在不同的地里使用杀虫剂 

32. 346 A recent poll found that over 80 percent of the residents of Nalmed Province favored a massive expansion of the commuter rail system as a means of significantly easing congestion on the province's highways and were willing to help pay for the expansion through an increase in their taxes. nevertheless, the poll results indicate that expansion of the rail system, if successfully completed, would be unlikely to achieve its goal of easing congestion, because______ A. most people in favor of expanding the rail system reported less congestion during their highway commute as the primary benefit they would experience B of the less than 20 percent of residents not counted as favoring the expansion, about half claimed to have no opinion one way or the other C the twice-daily periods of peak congestion caused by people commuting in cars have grown from about an hour each to almost two and a half hours each in the past 20 years D expanding the commuter rail system will require the construction of dozens of miles of new railed E the proposed expansion to commuter rail system will make it possible for some people who both live and work at suburban locations to commute by rail.

33. 359一般家用电器在不使用时是不会耗电的， 但有的微波炉有BUILD-IN CLOCK，会在电器关着时仍然耗电。所以，有BUILD-CLOCK 微波炉家庭的年均用电量要比 有一般微波炉家庭的年均用电量大。ASSUMPTION 

34. 361蝙蝠一般栖息在很深的洞， 那里温度很底， 但是蝙蝠吃的虫子一般在晚间温度高是才会出来。 温度高，气压就底， 而气压在洞里洞外都一样的，所以有科学家认为蝙蝠是通过感觉气压来确定什么时候去捕食的。 SUPPORT。我的答案，下鱼天虫子少，但气压底，蝙蝠仍然出来捕食。

√377[版本1]说新华书店去年销售增了9%，而卢沟桥分店的去年销售增了7%，而这个分店是所有新华书店销售额最大的，问如何解释？ 我说新华书店又开了很多分店。
[版本2] Explain:说一个连锁店的去年的收入比前年平均增长8%,可是这个连锁店中largest店的增长为5%,问原因?
[版本3]  756   last year, a book chains total sales increase 10%, 在某地分店sales只增长8%,确实所以分店中sales增长最多的,解释 结果是,last year the booke chains 的所有商店数增加了10%